US3663280A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electrodes for electrochemical processes
Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
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Filing: 1969-03-17
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Granted: 1972-05-16
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Expires: 1989-03-17
Abstract
Abstract A method for the manufacture of an electrode for use in electrochemical processes, which comprises forming on the surface of a support of film-forming metal of the group of titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten or an alloy principally of one of these metals, a layer of an operative electrode material, applying over the said layer a coating comprising a thermally decomposable organo-compound of a film-forming metal of the group of alkoxides and alkoxy-halides of titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten wherein the halogen is chlorine, bromine or fluorine in a liquid vehicle and heating the coating to convert the organo-compound of the film-forming metal to an oxide.
Inventors
- 👤 Denis Lee
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 22:42
CPC Classifications
C; C25; C25B; C25B11/00; C25B11/04; C25B11/051; C25B11/073; C25B11/091; C25B11/093
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
124 words
A method for the manufacture of an electrode for use in electrochemical processes, which comprises forming on the surface of a support of a film-forming metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten or an alloy consisting principally of one of these metals, a layer of an operative electrode material resistant to electrochemical dissolution, applying over the said layer a coating comprising a thermally decomposable organo-compound of a film-forming metal selected from the group consisting of akloxides and alkoxy-halides of titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum and tungsten wherein the halogen is chlorine, bromine or fluorine in a liquid vehicle and heating the coating so as to convert the organo-compound of the film-forming metal to an oxide of the film-forming metal.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the layer of an operative electrode material is formed on a chemically-cleaned surface of the film-forming metal support.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
53 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the layer of an operative electrode material is formed on a surface of the film-forming metal support which has been chemically-cleaned and has then been provided with a very thin surface layer of the film-forming metal oxide by submitting the cleaned support to an oxidizing treatment.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the operative electrode material consists of a mixture of at least one platinum group metal and oxides thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the operative electrode material consists of ruthenium dioxide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the film-forming support is titanium or an alloy based on titanium and having anodic polarization properties comparable with those of titanium.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
A method according to claim 7, wherein the operative electrode material comprises ruthenium dioxide.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the thermally-decomposable organo-compound of a film-forming metal is an alkyl titanate, an alkyl polytitanate or an alkyl halotitanate in which the halogen is chlorine, bromine or fluorine.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 9, wherein the alkyl groups of the titanate compound contain 2-4 carbon atoms each.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the operative electrode material consists of oxides of at least one platinum group metal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method according to claim 11, wherein a layer of at least one preformed platinum group metal oxide is applied onto the film-forming metal support by coating with a dispersion of the oxide in a liquid vehicle.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 11, wherein a layer of at least one preformed platinum group metal oxide is applied onto the film-forming metal support by coating with the oxide in the molten state.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method according to claim 11, wherein a layer of at least one preformed platinum group metal oxide is applied onto the film-forming metal support by electrophoretic deposition of the oxide from a colloidal solution.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein the coating comprising a thermally-decomposable organo-compound of a film-forming metal in a liquid vehicle applied over the layer of operative electrode material is dried by heating at 100*-200* C. and is then heated at 250*-800* C. to convert the organo-compound to an oxide of the film-forming metal.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 15, wherein the final heating step is carried out at approximately 450* C.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
67 words
A method according to claim 15, wherein a plurality of coatings, each coating comprising a thermally decomposable organo-compound of a film-forming metal in a liquid vehicle, is applied over the layer of operative electrode material with intermediate drying of each coating at 100*-200* C. and heating of each coating at 250*-800* C. to build up the thickness the coating to build up the desired thickness of coating.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 15, wherein at least the final heating step is carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 18, wherein the oxidizing atmosphere is air.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
66 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein a layer of operative electrode material comprising platinum group metal oxides is formed by coating the film-forming metal support with a composition comprising a thermally-decomposable compound of at least one platinum group metal, an organic vehicle and a reducing agent, drying the coating, then heating the coating at a temperature of at least 350* C in an oxidizing atmosphere.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
12 words
A method according to claim 20, wherein the oxidizing atmosphere is air.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
40 words
A method according to claim 20, wherein the said operations of coating the film-forming metal support with said operative electrode material, drying and heating the coating are repeated at least once to build up the thickness of said electrode material.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 20, wherein the thermally decomposable compound of at least one platinum group metal is ruthenium trichloride.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 23, wherein the heating step at a temperature of at least 350* C in an oxidizing atmosphere is carried out at approximately 450* C.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
64 words
A modification of the method of claim 20, wherein after drying the coating the platinum group metal compounds are reduced substantially to the metallic state by heating the coating at approximately 300* C and thereafter the platinum group metals so formed are converted at least in part to their oxides by heating at a temperature of at least 350* C in an oxidizing atmosphere.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
93 words
A method according to claim 25, wherein the layer of operative electrode material is built up by superimposing a plurality of the said coatings, wherein each coating is dried and reduced substantially to the metalliC state by heating at approximately 300* C. before applying the next coating and wherein the platinum group metals so formed are converted at least in part to their oxides by heating at a temperature of at least 350* C. in an oxidizing atmosphere after all or part of the total number of coatings have been applied and reduced.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method according to claim 26, wherein the platinum group metals so formed are converted at least in part to their oxides by heating at a temperature of at least 350* C. in an oxidizing atmosphere after two or three coatings have been applied and reduced.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
73 words
A method according to claim 2, wherein a layer of operative electrode material consisting essentially of platinum group metal oxides is formed by coating the film-forming metal support with a composition consisting of a thermally decomposable compound of at least one platinum group metal and an organic vehicle and being free from reducing agent, drying the coating, then heating the coating at a temperature of at least 350* C. in an oxidizing atmosphere.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1975-05-16 | 1975-11-15 | 1976-05-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1979-05-16 | 1979-11-15 | 1980-05-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1983-05-16 | 1983-11-15 | 1984-05-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |