US3620919A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Extraction of steroidal materials from vegetable materials
Assignee: NAT RES DEV
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Filing: 1968-08-12
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Granted: 1971-11-16
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Expires: 1988-08-12
Abstract
Abstract The yield of recoverable steroidal saponins and sapogenins from steroidal sapogenin affording vegetable materials is increased by treating the vegetable material with a regulator prior to recovery of the steroidal material. The regulator is a substance capable of modifying normal plant metabolism or normal plant growth characteristics and the chemically diverse regulators are selected from naturally occurring and synthetic plant growth regulators including auxins, hormones and herbicides, sulphydryl inhibitors, regulators of steroid metabolism or lipid metabolism, naturally occurring and racemic Alpha -amino acids, vitamins of the B group, rutin and water-soluble derivatives of vitamin A and tocopherol, growth factor analogues including vitamin and amino acid antimetabolites and penicillin, griseofulvin and chloramphenicol antibiotics. Diosgenin is recovered from species of Dioscorea, Trigonella and Balanites by incubating the vegetable material with regulator in an aqueous medium for up to 72 hours, hydrolyzing the incubated product with hydrochloric acid and solvent extracting sapogenins from the hydrolysate. Yields are further increased by also adding steroid precursors or C10 to C36 saturated hydrocarbons during incubation.
Inventors
- 👤 Roland Hardman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 16:23
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07J; C07J17/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is indole-3-acetic acid or a giberellin.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
44 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is a chlorinated phenoxy alkanoic acid or a salt, ester or amide thereof; indole-3-butyric acid; Alpha -naphthalene acetic acid or a salt, ester or amide thereof; 1,1''-dimethyl-4,4''-dipyridylium dibromide; Beta -(2-furyl) acrylic acid; or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is a mixture of enzymes of lipid metabolism.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is ethyl Alpha -(4-chlorophenoxy)- Alpha -methyl propionate, or a soya bean phosphatide preparation.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is N-ethyl maleimide, or iodoacetic acid, iodosobenzoic acid or iodoacetamide.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is DL-isoleucine or a yeast preparation containing Alpha -amino acids.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
65 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, riboflavin, thiamine hydrochloride, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, acetylcholine chloride, folic acid, inositol (meso) pyridoxal hydrochloride, p-amino benzoic acid or is derived from an extract of yeast, cotton seed grain or soya bean whiCh is rich in the B group vitamins or is vitamin A acetate, DL- Alpha -tocopherol acetate or rutin.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is glycine, allyl-glycine, Alpha -picolonic acid hydrochloride, oxythiamine hydrochloride, DL-desthiobiotin or desoxypyridoxine hydrochloride.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is chloramphenicol, griseofulvin or penicillin G.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
53 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is alloxan monohydrate, N-6-benzyl adenine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid, 3-indole-butyric acid, maleic acid hydrazide, nicotinic acid amide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, DL-thienyl-DL-alanine, nicotinic acid, DL-ethionine, DL- Beta -phenyl-lactic acid, 2-chloro-4-aminobenzoic acid, propranol hydrochloride, diethyl dithio bis (thionoformate), 5-bromo-6-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)uracil, uracil 4-carboxylic acid or DL-isoleucine.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the regulator is present in an amount of the order of 1,000 parts per million by weight based on the air-dry weight of the vegetable material.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process according to claim 12, in which about 50 to 100 parts per million of regulator are used.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
63 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the recovery procedure includes either the steps of extracting the vegetable material with a saponin solvent and then subjecting the saponin extract to hydrolysis conditions to cleave the glycosidic linkage or the steps of subjecting the vegetable material to hydrolysis conditions to cleave the glycosidic linkage and then extracting the hydrolysate with a sapogenin solvent.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 14, in which the vegetable material is treated with regulator prior to the hydrolysis step.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
53 words
A process according to claim 1 including the step of incubating the vegetable material in the presence of an aqueous medium, at a temperature, and for a period of time such that the recoverable yield of saponin or sapogenin is increased compared to an otherwise identical recovery procedure from which incubation is omitted.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
A process according to claim 17 in which, if necessary, sufficient water is added to the incubating mass to provide a separate aqueous phase throughout the incubation period.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
A process according to claim 16 in which the regulator is added to the vegetable material at the beginning of or during the incubation period.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the vegetable material is both treated with a regulator and brought into contact with a steroid precursor prior to recovery of the saponin or sapogenin.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
20 words
A process according to claim 19 in which the steroid precursor is mevalonic acid or a derivative thereof or squalene.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
33 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the vegetable material is brought into contact, prior to recovery of the saponin or sapogenin, with a saturated hydrocarbon containing 10 to 36 carbon atoms.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process according to claim 21, in which the hydrocarbon is squalene, n-hexadecane, n-eicosane, n-pentacosane, n-hexacosane or n-octacosane.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process according to claim 1 in which the saponin or sapogenin is recovered from a Dioscorea tuber, a Solanum or Balanites fruit or a Balanites or Trigonella seed.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1974-11-15 | 1975-05-17 | 1975-11-16 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1978-11-15 | 1979-05-17 | 1979-11-16 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1982-11-15 | 1983-05-17 | 1983-11-16 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |