Process for osmotically decreasing the concentration of a solute

Claim 2

A process as set forth in claim 2 wherein the separated precipitated third solute is changed in valence to reform the second soluble solute, separating a portion of said third solution and dissolving said reformed second solute therein to form the second solution.

Claim 3

A process as set forth in claim 2 wherein said second solute is reduced to form the insoluble third solute.

Claim 4

A process as set forth in claim 4 wherein said second solute is cupric chloride and said third solute is cuprous chloride.

Claim 5

A process as set forth in claim 2 wherein said second solute is oxidized to form the insoluble third solute.

Claim 6

A process as set forth in claim 6 wherein said second solute is ferrous acetate and said third solute is ferric basic acetate.

Claim 7

A process for providing a purer solution from a first solution having a solvent and solute comprising providing a second solution of greater osmolality than said first solution formed of the solvent with a second solute highly soluble at given temperature in said solvent and substantially less soluble at a lower temperature, passing said first and second solutions at a temperature of high solubility of the second solute in the solvent on oPposite sides of a membrane permeable to the solvent, passing the solvent from said first solution through the membrane to said second solution to form a third solution, reducing the temperature of said third solution to precipitate said second solute and separating said precipitated second solute to provide a purer third solution, further purifying the third solution by forcing said solvent through a membrane while retaining said second solute.

Claim 8

A process for providing a purer solution from a first solution having a solvent and solute comprising providing a second solution of greater osmolality than said first solution formed of the solvent with a second solute highly soluble at given temperature in said solvent and substantially less soluble at a lower temperature, passing said first and second solutions at a temperature of high solubility of the second solute in the solvent, on opposite sides of a membrane permeable to the solvent, passing the solvent from said first solution through the membrane to said second solution to form a third solution, reducing the temperature of said third solution to precipitate said second solute and separating the said precipitated second solute as a solid to provide a purer third solution, replacing the remaining second solute with said first solute by passing said separated third purer solution through an ion exchange medium with said second solute to form a purer third solvent with said first solute.

Claim 9

A process for providing a purer solution from a first solution having a solvent and solute comprising providing a second solution of greater osmolality than said first solution formed of the solvent with a second solute highly soluble at a given temperature in said solvent and substantially less soluble at a lower temperature, passing said first and second solutions at a temperature of high solubility of the second solute in the solvent on opposite sides of a membrane permeable to the solvent, passing the solvent from said first solution through the membrane to said second solution to form a third solution, reducing the temperature of said third solution to precipitate said second solute and separating said precipitated second solute to provide a purer third solution, and said second solute is further separated from said purer third solution by electrodialysis to form a still purer third solvent.

Claim 10

A process for providing a purer solution from a first solution having a solvent and solute comprising providing a second solution of greater osmolality than said first solution formed of the solvent with a second solute highly soluble at a given temperature in said solvent and substantially less soluble at a lower temperature, passing said first and second solutions at a temperature of high solubility of the second solute in the solvent on opposite sides of a membrane permeable to the solvent, passing the solvent from said first solution through the membrane to said second solution to form a third solution, reducing the temperature of said third solution to precipitate said second solute and separating said precipitated second solute to provide a purer third solution, forming a fourth solution of the solvent with a third solute and of greater osmolality than said third solution, said third solute being highly soluble at a given temperature in said solvent and substantially less soluble at a lower temperature, passing said third and fourth solutions on opposite sides of a membrane permeable to the solvent and impermeable to noncommon ions of said third and fourth solutions at a temperature of high solubility of the third solute in the solvent, passing the solvent from said third solution through the membrane to said fourth solution to form a fifth solution, reducing the temperature of said fifth solution to precipitate said third solute and separating said precipitated third solute to provide a purer solution, and said third solute is further separated from said fifth solution by forcing said solvent through a membrane while retaining said third solute in said fifth solution.

Claim 11

A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein said third solute is further separated from said fifth solution by forcing said solvent through a membrane while retaining said third solute in said fifth solution.

Claim 12

A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein said step of replacing said third solute is performed by passing said separated fifth solution through an ion exchange medium with said first solute replacing said third solute to form a purer solvent with said first solute.

Claim 13

A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein said first solute replaces said third solute by electrodialysis to form a purer solvent with said fist soluble.

Claim 14

A process as set forth in claim 11 wherein the step of forming said fourth solution comprises mixing said fifth solution and said separated third solute.

Claim 15

A process for providing a purer solution from a first solution having a solvent and solute comprising providing a second solution of greater osmolality than said first solution formed of the solvent with a second solute dissociating into at least two particles on dissolution and being highly soluble at given temperatures in said solvent and substantially less soluble at a lower temperature, passing said first and second solutions at a temperature of high solubility of the second solute in the solvent on opposite sides of a membrane permeable to the solvent; passing the solvent from said first solution through the membrane to said second solution to form a third solution; reducing the temperature of said third solution to precipitate said second solute in a solid combined state and separating said precipitated second solute in a solid combined state to provide a purer solution, and said second solute in a solid combined state is further separated from said third solution by forcing said solvent through a membrane while retaing said second solute in a solid combined state.