US3602843A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electronic multiplication device and electrical energy measuring system using same
Assignee: Landis and Gyr AG
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Filing: 1968-09-13
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Granted: 1971-08-31
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Expires: 1988-09-13
Abstract
Abstract A mark-space amplitude-modulation-type electronic multiplier wherein an astable multivibrator with two separate current sources controlled according to a first input signal provide a mark-space modulated signal, and a pair of field effect transistor switches for a circuit for amplitude modulating the mark-space-modulated signal according to a second input signal.
Inventors
- 👤 Jokob De Vries
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-26 14:46
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01R; G01R21/00; G01R21/127; G06; G06G; G06G7/00; G06G7/12; G06G7/16; G06G7/161; H; H03; H03K; H03K7/00; H03K7/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 22
Claim 1
Independent Claim
172 words
An electronic multiplier of the mark-space-amplitudemodulation type comprising a mark-space modulator including a multivibrator including a pair of transistors each including base, emitter and collector control elements, and a time-delay cross-coupling network connected between one control element of each of said transistors and operative to control the conductive states of said transistors in accordance with timedelay characteristics of said cross-coupling network a separate current source for each of said transistors of said multivibrator, each of said current sources comprising a control transistor for controlling current flow according to the conductive state thereof, and circuit means connected to said control transistors to control the conductive states thereof according to a first input signal; an amplitude modulator including a pair of electronic switches having proportional voltagecurrent characteristics, circuit means connected to control said switches to amplitude modulate an applied signal according to a second input signal; circuit means for coupling said mark-space modulator to said amplitude modulator so that the mark-space-modulated signal produced by said mark-space modulator is amplitude modulated by said amplitude modulator.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
172 words
An electronic multiplier of the mark-space-amplitudemodulation type comprising a mark-space modulator including a multivibrator including a pair of transistors each including base, emitter and collector control elements, and a time-delay cross-coupling network connected between one control element of each of said transistors and operative to control the conductive states of said transistors in accordance with timedelay characteristics of said cross-coupling network a separate current source for each of said transistors of said multivibrator, each of said current sources comprising a control transistor for controlling current flow according to the conductive state thereof, and circuit means connected to said control transistors to control the conductive states thereof according to a first input signal; an amplitude modulator including a pair of electronic switches having proportional voltagecurrent characteristics, circuit means connected to control said switches to amplitude modulate an applied signal according to a second input signal; circuit means for coupling said mark-space modulator to said amplitude modulator so that the mark-space-modulated signal produced by said mark-space modulator is amplitude modulated by said amplitude modulator.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
79 words
An electronic multiplier according to claim 1 wherein said circuit means in said mark-space modulator comprises a center tapped secondary winding of a voltage transformer, the bases of said control transistors being connected to the ends of said winding and the center tap being coupled to a reference voltage source, and wherein said circuit means in said amplitude modulator comprises the secondary winding of a current transformer with the ends thereof connected to control different ones of said switches.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
62 words
An electronic multiplier according to claim 1 wherein each of said transistors includes an emitter, collector and base, and wherein said transistors of said astable multivibrator are emitter coupled, the collectors of said control transistors are connected to the emitters, respectively, of said transistors of said multivibrator, and the emitters of said control transistors are connected to a supply voltage via resistors.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
150 words
An electronic multiplier of the mark-space-amplitude-modulation type comprising a mark-space modulator including an emitter-coupled astable multivibrator comprising interconnected transistors, two separate current sources each comprising a control transistor with its collector connected to the emitter of a respective transistor in said multivibrator, and a resistance connected between the emitter of the control transistor and a supply voltage, a center-tapped secondary winding of a voltage transformer, the ends of said winding being connected to the bases of said control transistors, and the center tap of said winding being coupled to a constant reference voltage source; an amplitude modulator including two electronic switches having proportional voltage-current characteristics, and a current transformer, said electronic switches being connected in the secondary circuit of said current transformer; and circuit means for coupling said mark-space modulator to said amplitude modulator so that the mark-space-modulated signal produced by said mark-space modulator is amplitude-modulated by said amplitude modulator.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
150 words
An electronic multiplier of the mark-space-amplitude-modulation type comprising a mark-space modulator including an emitter-coupled astable multivibrator comprising interconnected transistors, two separate current sources each comprising a control transistor with its collector connected to the emitter of a respective transistor in said multivibrator, and a resistance connected between the emitter of the control transistor and a supply voltage, a center-tapped secondary winding of a voltage transformer, the ends of said winding being connected to the bases of said control transistors, and the center tap of said winding being coupled to a constant reference voltage source; an amplitude modulator including two electronic switches having proportional voltage-current characteristics, and a current transformer, said electronic switches being connected in the secondary circuit of said current transformer; and circuit means for coupling said mark-space modulator to said amplitude modulator so that the mark-space-modulated signal produced by said mark-space modulator is amplitude-modulated by said amplitude modulator.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
34 words
A multiplier according to claim 4, wherein said constant reference voltage source includes a temperature-compensated Zener diode connected in series with a resistor between a voltage source and ground to stabilize said reference voltage.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
42 words
A multiplier according to claim 5, wherein a finely adjustable potentiometer is connected in parallel with said Zener diode in order to provide an additional fine adjustment of said reference voltage fixed by said Zener diode and to adjust the measurement constants.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
86 words
A multiplier according to claim 6, wherein the tap of said potentiometer is connected to the base of an emitter-follower transistor of which the collector is connected by way of a resistor to said supply voltage, and the emitter of which is connected by way of a resistor to ground and is also connected to said center tap on said secondary winding of said voltage transformer, whereby the base-emitter voltage of the emitter-follower transistor compensates the emitter-base voltages of the control transistors in said current sources.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
28 words
A multiplier according to claim 4, wherein each of said resistances in said current sources is in the form of a precision resistor which is substantially temperature independent.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
11 words
A multiplier according to claim 4, wherein said multivibrator is unsymmetrical.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
67 words
A multiplier according to claim 4, wherein said secondary circuit of said current transformer includes a secondary winding loaded with two equal resistors connected in series, and wherein there is connected between one end of said secondary winding and ground a first field-effect transistor and between the other end of said secondary winding and ground a second field-effect transistor which is complementary to said first field-effect transistor.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
A multiplier according to claim 10, wherein said resistors loading said secondary winding of said current transformer are precision resistors which are substantially temperature independent.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
A multiplier according to claim 4, further comprising a filter connected to the output of said amplitude modulator.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
32 words
A multiplier according to claim 4, further including a variable resistor connected in the primary circuit of said voltage transformer in order to tune together the phase displacements of said two transformers.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
47 words
An arrangement for forming the product of a voltage and a current comprising a multiplier according to claim 4, arranged to supply said voltage across the primary winding of said voltage transformer and means arranged to supply said current across the primary winding of said current transformer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
123 words
In a circuit for measuring electrical energy as of the product of the parameters of voltage and current, the combination of a mark-space modulator for providing a first modulated signal having a mark-space ratio in accordance with one of said parameters; an integrating circuit; and an amplitude modulator including; a transformer coupled to receive the other of said parameters, and electronic-switching means connected to said mark-space modulator, said integrating circuit and said transformer for coupling said transformer directly to the input of said integrating circuit with a polarity controlled according to the mark-space ratio of said first modulated signal so that the mean value of the signal supplied to the input of said integrating circuit is proportional to the prOduct of the parameters.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
123 words
In a circuit for measuring electrical energy as of the product of the parameters of voltage and current, the combination of a mark-space modulator for providing a first modulated signal having a mark-space ratio in accordance with one of said parameters; an integrating circuit; and an amplitude modulator including; a transformer coupled to receive the other of said parameters, and electronic-switching means connected to said mark-space modulator, said integrating circuit and said transformer for coupling said transformer directly to the input of said integrating circuit with a polarity controlled according to the mark-space ratio of said first modulated signal so that the mean value of the signal supplied to the input of said integrating circuit is proportional to the prOduct of the parameters.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
A circuit according to claim 15 wherein said integrating circuit comprises a shunt capacitor.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
A circuit according to claim 15 wherein said selective switching means comprises at least one field-effect transistor.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
25 words
A circuit according to claim 18 wherein said selective switching means comprises a paIr of field-effect transistors controlled by said mark-space modulator in push-pull fashion.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
A circuit according to claim 15 wherein said mark-space modulator comprises a pair of transistors interconnected to form an astable multivibrator.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1974-08-30 | 1975-03-01 | 1975-08-31 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1978-08-30 | 1979-03-01 | 1979-08-31 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1982-08-30 | 1983-03-01 | 1983-08-31 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |