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US3602711A
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Method and apparatus for determining sulfur content in hydrocarbon streams
Assignee: Gulf Research and Development Co
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Filing: 1968-06-19
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Granted: 1971-08-31
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Expires: 1988-06-19
Abstract
Abstract Method and apparatus to accurately determine the percent sulfur content in hydrocarbon process streams comprising the use of radioactive americium-241 and a molybdenum target in reflection mode to produce a narrow X-ray density spectrum at 20 Kev. The equality of the mass attenuation coefficients of carbon and hydrogen at 20 Kev., is utilized to determine the percent by weight content of sulfur in the hydrocarbon stream.
Inventors
- 👤 Sudesh Kumar Arora
- 👤 Donald F Rhodes
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 09:54
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N23/00; G01N23/22; G01N23/223; G01N2223/00; G01N2223/07; G01N2223/076
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 11
Claim 1
Independent Claim
15 words
The apparatus of claim 1, and means to heat said sample in said sample chamber.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus of claim 1, and means to continuously flow a portion of said stream through said sample chamber.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
151 words
A method of determining the percent content of an element in a hydrocarbon stream containing appreciable quantities of only hydrogen, carbon, and said element, comprising the steps of generating fluorescent X-rays having a relatively sharp energy peak at about 20 Kev., directing said X-rays through a sample of said stream having a predetermined thickness, determining the density of said sample, and determining the weight fraction of said element in said sample according to the relationship: LogeI/Io K1-K2Wx wherein K1 tpuH, K2 tp(uH-uX), I is the amount of X-rays transmitted through the sample, Io is the amount of X-rays impinging upon the sample, e is the natural log base, t is the sample thickness, uH is the mass attenuation coefficient for hydrogen and carbon, uX is the mass attenuation coefficient for said element, WX is the weight fraction of said element in the sample, and p is the density of the sample.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 4, wherein said element is sulfur.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
10 words
The method of claim 4, wherein said element is lead.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 4, wherein said sample is heated to a temperature sufficient to permit said sample to flow continuously.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
21 words
The method of claim 7, wherein said density determination is made in said stream in closely spaced relation to said sample.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
129 words
Apparatus for determining the content of an element in a hydrocarbon stream containing appreciable quantities of only hydrogen, carbon and said element, comprising a sample chamber adapted to contain a sample of said stream, a source of fluorescent X-rays adapted to produce X-rays having a relatively sharp energy peak at about 20 Kev., means to transmit said X-rays through said sample, means to determine the energy of the X-rays transmitted through said sample, means to generate a first signal proportional to the energy of the transmitted X-rays, means to measure the density of said sample, means to generate a second signal proportional to the density of said sample, and means to calculate the percent by weight content of said element in said stream from said first and second signals.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
The combination of claim 9, wherein said source comprises radioactive americium-241 and a molybdenum target arranged in reflection mode.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The combination of claim 9, and means to heat said sample in said sample chamber.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
25 words
The combination of claim 11, and means to continuously flow a portion of said stream through said sample chamber and through said density measuring means.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1974-08-30 | 1975-03-01 | 1975-08-31 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1978-08-30 | 1979-03-01 | 1979-08-31 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1982-08-30 | 1983-03-01 | 1983-08-31 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |