US3602581A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Skiascope
Assignee: Optotechnik And Propper M GmbH
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Filing: 1969-04-21
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Granted: 1971-08-31
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Expires: 1989-04-21
Abstract
Abstract A skiascope to be used in examining the eye to determine the refractive behavior thereof when light is directed to the eye. An illuminating structure is provided for directing light to a reflector of the skiascope. This reflector directs the light to the eye which is to be examined, and it is possible to observe the eye directly through the body of the reflector which is semitransparent. The observation is made by observing a part of the rear surface of the reflector while the light is reflected from the front surface to the eye. Thus, light travels from the eye through the reflector to provide an observation of the eye at the rear surface of the reflector. The thickness of the reflector and its inclination is such that light received in the interior of the reflector from the source of illumination will engage only a portion of the rear surface which is displaced from the part thereof through which the eye is observed, so that at this part of the rear surface which provides an observation of the examined eye there is only light which travels from the eye and not any light from the source of illumination.
Inventors
- 👤 Helmut A Heine
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 19:13
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B3/00; A61B3/10; A61B3/13; A61B3/132; A61B3/12; A61B3/1208
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
416 words
A skiascope including illuminating means and observation means, nonapertured semireflector means included in both said illuminating means and said observation means, said reflector means being made of a light permeable material of substantial thickness and including a front surface directed towards an eye which is to be examined as well as an opposed rear surface through which the eye is observed, said reflector means coacting with said illuminating means to direct from the latter light to be reflected from the front surface thereof to the eye which is to be examined, said reflector means being so positioned that the optical axis of said illuminating means intersects the front reflecting surface of said reflector means at a point spaced from the geometric center of said reflector means whereby the extreme outer edge light ray of said illuminating means remains sufficiently distant from the observation region at the rear surface of said reflector means, and supporting said reflector means at a position with respect to said illuminating means which not only will direct light from the front surface of said reflector means to the eye but which will in addition direct light from the eye through said light-permeable material of said reflector means to the eye of an observer at the rear surface of said reflector means, said reflector means coacting, by its shape and size as well as said position, with said support means and with said illuminating means for receiving light travelling into said light-permeable material directly from said illuminating means at only one part of said rear surface while providing another part of the latter surface for observation, the latter part of said rear surface through which an observation is made of the eye being completely separate from any part of said rear surface which receives light from said illuminating means, said rear surface of said reflector means including a portion receiving the light travelling into said permeable material from the illuminating means and situated at a slight angle to that portion of said rear surface used for viewing, and a Light absorbing covering on the portion of said rear surface of said reflector means not employed for viewing and upon the exterior surface of said reflector means to reduce the possibility of stray reflected light from interfering with the observation being made so that the light reaching the eye of the observer comes only from the examined eye and not from light of the illuminating means which is not reflected to the examined eye.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
416 words
A skiascope including illuminating means and observation means, nonapertured semireflector means included in both said illuminating means and said observation means, said reflector means being made of a light permeable material of substantial thickness and including a front surface directed towards an eye which is to be examined as well as an opposed rear surface through which the eye is observed, said reflector means coacting with said illuminating means to direct from the latter light to be reflected from the front surface thereof to the eye which is to be examined, said reflector means being so positioned that the optical axis of said illuminating means intersects the front reflecting surface of said reflector means at a point spaced from the geometric center of said reflector means whereby the extreme outer edge light ray of said illuminating means remains sufficiently distant from the observation region at the rear surface of said reflector means, and supporting said reflector means at a position with respect to said illuminating means which not only will direct light from the front surface of said reflector means to the eye but which will in addition direct light from the eye through said light-permeable material of said reflector means to the eye of an observer at the rear surface of said reflector means, said reflector means coacting, by its shape and size as well as said position, with said support means and with said illuminating means for receiving light travelling into said light-permeable material directly from said illuminating means at only one part of said rear surface while providing another part of the latter surface for observation, the latter part of said rear surface through which an observation is made of the eye being completely separate from any part of said rear surface which receives light from said illuminating means, said rear surface of said reflector means including a portion receiving the light travelling into said permeable material from the illuminating means and situated at a slight angle to that portion of said rear surface used for viewing, and a Light absorbing covering on the portion of said rear surface of said reflector means not employed for viewing and upon the exterior surface of said reflector means to reduce the possibility of stray reflected light from interfering with the observation being made so that the light reaching the eye of the observer comes only from the examined eye and not from light of the illuminating means which is not reflected to the examined eye.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
30 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said reflector means includes a reflecting body of predetermined diameter having a thickness on the order of approximately 0.5- 0.6 times said diameter.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
125 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said reflector means includes a reflecting body of said predetermined thickness, an annular cover covering a peripheral region of said front surface of said reflector means to an extent which contributes to the displacement of light from said illuminating means engaging said rear surface to a part of the latter displaced from the part through which an observation is made of the eye, said cover having at a portion thereof nearer to said illuminating means a width greater than a portion of said cover more distant from said illuminating means, so the part of said front surface nearer to said illuminating means is covered to a greater extent than the part thereof more distant from said illuminating means.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said front surface of said reflector means is partly transparent and partly reflecting.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
52 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said reflector means includes a reflecting body which is matted and covered with a black lacquer of high light-absorption at those surfaces of said body which do not reflect light in the desired direction and which do not serve for observation of the examined eye.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
71 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said support means includes a housing in which said rear surface of said reflector means is enclosed, said housing being formed with an opening through which said rear surface may be seen, and said opening being closed in a dusttight manner by an optical element through which the observer views that part of the rear surface through which light travels from the examined eye.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
58 words
The combination of claim 6 and wherein said reflector means includes an annular cover covering a peripheral region of the front surface of said reflecting body, said cover, reflecting body, and optical element all being carried by said hosing, and a second housing accommodating said illuminating means and removably connected with the housing which accommodates said reflector means.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
90 words
The combination of claim 6 and wherein said housing interchangeably carries one of a pair of steady rests for engaging the forehead of the user of the skiascope to steady the latter, one of said steady rests being designed for an individual who does not wear glasses while looking through said opening of said housing while the other of said steady rests is formed with a stepped portion which clears glasses and engages the forehead to enable an individual wearing glasses to also use the skiascope without removing the glasses.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
90 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said illuminating means includes a lamp having an axis extending in the direction of travel of light to said reflector means and including a substantially linear filament extending perpendicularly across said axis, said illuminating means also including an illuminating condenser through which light from said lamp passes, and a single operating means operatively connected with said lamp for adjusting the angular position of said filament with respect to said axis as well as for adjusting the distance between said lamp and condenser lens.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
93 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said illuminating means includes a lamp having an axis along which the light travels to said reflector means, said lamp having a filament composed of a pair of legs forming a right angle with respect to eAch other and situated in a plane which is normal to the lamp axis, said illuminating means also including a condenser lens, and operating means operatively connected with said lamp for adjusting the annular position thereof with respect to said axis and the distance between said lamp and condenser lens.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
86 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said illuminating means includes a lamp having a predetermined axis along which the light travels to said reflector means and including a filament of substantially point-configuration in the form of a filament coil having a width and diameter approximately equal to each other, a condenser lens forming part of said illuminating means and situated between said lamp and reflector means, and operating means operatively connected to said lamp for adjusting the distance between the latter and said condenser lens.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
87 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said illuminating means includes a lamp from which a bundle of rays is derived, said lamp having a filament which is to be imaged sharply at the eye which is examined, operating means coacting with said lamp for adjusting the latter to achieve a sharp image of the filament at the eye which is examined, and indicating means coating with said operating means for indicating directly whether the bundle of rays traveling from the skiascope is parallel, divergent or convergent.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein an indicating means is provided for indicating the distance between the eye and the skiascope.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
54 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said illuminating means includes a lamp and condenser lens, and an index situated between said lamp and condenser lens to be sharply imaged at the eye which is to be examined, and means for indicating the distance between the sharp image of said index and the skiascope.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
81 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said illuminating means includes a light-conducting cable for conducting light from a source outside of the skiascope, said cable terminating in a predetermined end surface, and an elongated light-conductor extending from said end surface of said cable for conducting the light therefrom, said conductor terminating in an end of a preselected configuration different from that of said cable and the remainder of said light-conductor and from which the light travels to said reflector means.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
40 words
The combination of claim 15 and wherein said illuminating means includes a lamp interchangeable with said cable, and operating means common to said lamp and cable for adjusting either the lamp or said cable and light-conducting means with the latter.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
305 words
The combination of claim 1 and wherein said illuminating means includes a lamp, a condenser lens situated between said lamp and said reflector means, a lamp socket carrying said lamp, an elongated tube carrying said condenser lens and surrounding said socket, an operating ring surrounding and engaging said tube, an elongated tubular housing formed with openings through which said ring is accessible to be turned about the axis of said tube as well as to be displaced along said axis, said tube being formed in its interior with a plurality of axially extending grooves, a spring-pressed ball assembly carried by said socket with said ball extending into any one of said grooves so that when said tube is assembled with said socket no care need to exercised with respect to selecting a given angular position of said tube, and said spring-pressed ball coacting with said tube for transmitting angular turning of said tube by way of said ring to said socket and lamp therewith to angularly adjust the position of said lamp while axial displacement of said ring will bring about an adjustment of the distance between said lamp and condenser lens, said housing terminating in a bottom end region having a means for connecting to said housing a handle through which electricity is transmitted to said lamp, said carrier having an internal axial bore in which an elongated conductive pin is situated in engagEment with a contact at an inner end of the lamp in said socket, and a pin electrically connected with said lamp-engaging pin and projecting from the bottom end of said housing to form part of a circuit in the handle connected to said housing to transmit electricity to the lamp, whereby when the lamp is turned the part of the circuit through said pins to the lamp is not disturbed.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1974-08-30 | 1975-03-01 | 1975-08-31 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1978-08-30 | 1979-03-01 | 1979-08-31 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1982-08-30 | 1983-03-01 | 1983-08-31 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |