Pattern recognition processes and apparatus

Claim 2

Pattern recognition apparatus in which patterns are regarded as comprising a plurality of discrete pattern elements respectively represented by binary digital signals and an input pattern is related to patterns of known class to identify the class to which the input pattern belongs, the apparatus comprising input means for deriving from the input pattern a plurality of groups of binary digital signals, the groups respectively representing predetermined parts of the pattern, and the digital signals of a group respectively representing the pattern elements of the particular part, means for selecting the groups of digital signals in succession, storage means for storing groups of binary digital signals representing the pattern elements of the predetermined parts of patterns of known class, the other binary signals representing the relationship between the pattern elements of each part of each known pattern in each class and the pattern elements of the corresponding part of each other known pattern in the same class, the storage means producing as an output the groups of digital signals and the other signals in turn, first logical means responsive to the selecting means for comparing each digit of the selected group with the corresponding digits of each group relating to the same part as the selected group of known patterns in a single class in the output from the storage means, second logical means connected to the storage means to receive the other signals in the output from the storage means, and connected to the first logical means, to relate the results of the comparisons effected in the first logical means to the relationships, represented by the other signals, between the elements of the same part and in the same class as those with which the input pattern part is compared in digital form in the first logical means to produce the particular comparison results, and means responsive to the outputs of the second logical means to indicate the class to which the input pattern belongs.

Claim 3

Pattern recognition apparatus for ascertaining whether an input pattern P belongs to a class QXY of patterns to which belong patterns P1, P2, P3,..., P ,.....,P , the patterns being represented by groups of binary digits, in which the apparatus comprises input means for a group of digits representing P , storage means for storing groups of binary digits representing P1, P2, P3,.........P ,......,P , and representations of pairs of sets Dw and Cw, the pairs being respective to pairs of patterns P and P ( Alpha Beta ) from P1, P2,.......P , .....P , and constructed as follows: digit pairs i Alpha Beta are produced equal to Pi , Pi where Pi is the ithe digit of pattern P and PI is the ithe digit of pattern P , the patterns all being of N digits, sets Do, D1, D2,.....,Pt and Co, C1, C2,......,Ct are generated as defined by the following conditions: i Alpha Beta epsilon Do if and only if P Pi , i Alpha Beta epsilon Co if and only if Pi Pi , i Alpha Beta epsilon Dt if and only if (i Alpha Beta epsilon Dt 1) ( j)((j Alpha Beta epsilon Dt 1)v(j Alpha Beta epsilon Ct 1)&( gamma )( Delta )(( j Alpha gamma ,j Beta Delta dt 1)&( i Alpha gamma ,i Beta Delta Ct 1))), i Alpha Beta epsilon Ct if and only if (i Alpha Beta Dt) d( j)((j Alpha Beta epsilon Co)d( gamma )( Alpha )( i Alpha j Alpha i Beta Delta , j Beta Delta Dt)), And the set Dw is selected as the first member of the series of sets Do, D1,.......Dt, ,......Dw 1, Dw........such that Dw 1 Dw and the set Cw is defined as the set Ct for t w, the storage means producing as output groups of digits and pairs of sets Dw and Cw in turn, Comparing means connected to the storage means and to the input means for comparing the input pattern P with the patterns P1, P2, P3, ........,P belonging to class Qxy and generating a plurality of pairs of sets Eo and Fo, the pairs being receptive to the patterns P1, P2, P3........,P , the sets Eo and Fo being defined as follows for pattern P i Alpha psi epsilon Fo if and only if Pi Pi , i Alpha psi epsilon Eo if and only if Pi Pi , wherein Pi is the ith digit of pattern P , logical means connected to the comparing means and to the storage means for relating the sets Eo and Fo to the sets Cw and Dw stored in the storage means to produce two series of sets F1, F2,.......Ft,....,Fw and E1, E2,.......,Et, .....,Ew for each of patterns P1, P2, P3,.......,P , the sets being defined as follows: i Alpha psi epsilon Ft if and only if (i Alpha psi epsilon Ft 1)&(j)((j Alpha psi epsilon Ft 1)v (j Alpha psi epsilon Et 1)&( gamma )((i Alpha gamma epsilon Dw)&(j Alpha gamma epsilon Cw))& Delta )(i psi Delta epsilon Et 1)&(j psi Delta epsilon Ft 1))). i Alpha psi epsilon Et if and only if (i Alpha psi Ft)&( j)((j Alpha Beta epsilon Eo)&( gamma )( j Alpha gamma ,i Alpha gamma Dw)& Delta )( j psi Delta l psi Delta Ft 1)), the logical means including means for selecting set Fw as the first member of the series of sets Fo, F1, F2,......,Fwsuch that Fw 1 Fw, and output means responsive to indications of the membership of the sets Fw for the patterns, P1, P2, P3....... P from the logical means to indicate the pattern P as a member of Qxy if and only if (i) ( Alpha )(i Alpha psi epsilon Fw).

Claim 4

Pattern recognition apparatus for ascertaining whether an input pattern P belongs to a class QXY of patterns to which belong patterns P1, P2, P3,..., P ,.....,P , the patterns being represented by groups of binary digits, in which the apparatus comprises input means for a group of digits representing P , storage means for storing groups of binary digits representing P1, P2, P3,.........P ,......,P , and representations of pairs of sets Dw and Cw, the pairs being respective to pairs of patterns P and P ( Alpha Beta ) from P1, P2,.......P , .....P , and constructed as follows: digit pairs i Alpha Beta are produced equal to Pi , Pi where Pi is the ithe digit of pattern P and PI is the ithe digit of pattern P , the patterns all being of N digits, sets Do, D1, D2,.....,Pt and Co, C1, C2,......,Ct are generated as defined by the following conditions: i Alpha Beta epsilon Do if and only if P Pi , i Alpha Beta epsilon Co if and only if Pi Pi , i Alpha Beta epsilon Dt if and only if (i Alpha Beta epsilon Dt 1) ( j)((j Alpha Beta epsilon Dt 1)v(j Alpha Beta epsilon Ct 1)&( gamma )( Delta )(( j Alpha gamma ,j Beta Delta dt 1)&( i Alpha gamma ,i Beta Delta Ct 1))), i Alpha Beta epsilon Ct if and only if (i Alpha Beta Dt) d( j)((j Alpha Beta epsilon Co)d( gamma )( Alpha )( i Alpha j Alpha i Beta Delta , j Beta Delta Dt)), And the set Dw is selected as the first member of the series of sets Do, D1,.......Dt, ,......Dw 1, Dw........such that Dw 1 Dw and the set Cw is defined as the set Ct for t w, the storage means producing as output groups of digits and pairs of sets Dw and Cw in turn, Comparing means connected to the storage means and to the input means for comparing the input pattern P with the patterns P1, P2, P3, ........,P belonging to class Qxy and generating a plurality of pairs of sets Eo and Fo, the pairs being receptive to the patterns P1, P2, P3........,P , the sets Eo and Fo being defined as follows for pattern P i Alpha psi epsilon Fo if and only if Pi Pi , i Alpha psi epsilon Eo if and only if Pi Pi , wherein Pi is the ith digit of pattern P , logical means connected to the comparing means and to the storage means for relating the sets Eo and Fo to the sets Cw and Dw stored in the storage means to produce two series of sets F1, F2,.......Ft,....,Fw and E1, E2,.......,Et, .....,Ew for each of patterns P1, P2, P3,.......,P , the sets being defined as follows: i Alpha psi epsilon Ft if and only if (i Alpha psi epsilon Ft 1)&(j)((j Alpha psi epsilon Ft 1)v (j Alpha psi epsilon Et 1)&( gamma )((i Alpha gamma epsilon Dw)&(j Alpha gamma epsilon Cw))& Delta )(i psi Delta epsilon Et 1)&(j psi Delta epsilon Ft 1))). i Alpha psi epsilon Et if and only if (i Alpha psi Ft)&( j)((j Alpha Beta epsilon Eo)&( gamma )( j Alpha gamma ,i Alpha gamma Dw)& Delta )( j psi Delta l psi Delta Ft 1)), the logical means including means for selecting set Fw as the first member of the series of sets Fo, F1, F2,......,Fwsuch that Fw 1 Fw, and output means responsive to indications of the membership of the sets Fw for the patterns, P1, P2, P3....... P from the logical means to indicate the pattern P as a member of Qxy if and only if (i) ( Alpha )(i Alpha psi epsilon Fw).

Claim 5

Apparatus according to claim 14 in which the patterns P1, P2, P3.......,P ,......,P , and P are parts derived from the same region or regions of respective larger patterns, and the apparatus includes means responsive to the output means tending to indicate the pattern of which P is a part, as belonging to the same class as the patterns from which P1, P2, P3, .......P , ......P are derived, if P belongs to Qxy and other parts of the pattern of which P is a part belonging respectively to the classes to which corresponding parts of the patterns of which P1, P2, P3.......P ,......P , are parts belong.