Dual-polarized dual-frequency coupler

Claim 2

A four-channel TE 11 mode microwave system having a coupling between one waveguide where the four channels are propagated as two frequencies of orthogonally polarized waves and two other waveguides where the four channels are propagated as two orthogonally polarized waves of a different single frequency in each waveguide comprising: a. a coaxial waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a first frequency; b. a first circular waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a second frequency, said first circular waveguide being contained within the inner conductor of said coaxial waveguide and coaxial therewith with a termination to said inner conductor and said first circular waveguide; c. a second circular waveguide capable of carrying TE 11 mode waves from said first circular and said coaxial waveguides and enclosing the region beyond the termination of said first circular waveguide and the inner conductor of said coaxial waveguide, the outer conductor of said second circular waveguide formed by an extension of the outer conductor of said coaxial waveguide; d. means for attenuating waves at said first frequency in said first circular waveguide; and e. means for attenuating waves at said second frequency in said coaxial waveguide.

Claim 3

A waveguide coupler for coupling electromagnetic energy of arbitrary polarization at two frequencies in the TE 11 mode between a common waveguide carrying both frequencies and two waveguides carrying each frequency separately comprising: a. a coaxial single frequency waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a first frequency; b. first circular single frequency waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a second frequency said first circular waveguide being contained within the inner conductor of said coaxial waveguide with a termination to said inner conductor which terminates said first circular and coaxial waveguides; c. cutoff means within the single frequency waveguide carrying the higher of said first and second frequencies, said cutoff means supporting TE 11 mode propagations of said higher frequency in that single frequency waveguide but being beyond cutoff for the TE 11 mode of the lower frequency; d. a filter in the single frequency waveguide carrying the lower of said First and second frequencies, said filter attenuating the transmission in that single frequency waveguide of the electromagnetic waves at said higher frequency; and e. a second circular waveguide capable of carrying TE 11 mode waves from said first circular and said coaxial waveguides and enclosing the region beyond the termination of said first circular waveguide and the inner conductor of said coaxial waveguide, the outer conductor of said second circular waveguide formed by an extension of the outer conductor of said coaxial waveguide.

Claim 4

A waveguide coupler for coupling electromagnetic energy of arbitrary polarization at two frequencies in the TE 11 mode between a common waveguide carrying both frequencies and two waveguides carrying each frequency separately comprising: a. a coaxial single frequency waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a first frequency; b. first circular single frequency waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a second frequency said first circular waveguide being contained within the inner conductor of said coaxial waveguide with a termination to said inner conductor which terminates said first circular and coaxial waveguides; c. cutoff means within the single frequency waveguide carrying the higher of said first and second frequencies, said cutoff means supporting TE 11 mode propagations of said higher frequency in that single frequency waveguide but being beyond cutoff for the TE 11 mode of the lower frequency; d. a filter in the single frequency waveguide carrying the lower of said First and second frequencies, said filter attenuating the transmission in that single frequency waveguide of the electromagnetic waves at said higher frequency; and e. a second circular waveguide capable of carrying TE 11 mode waves from said first circular and said coaxial waveguides and enclosing the region beyond the termination of said first circular waveguide and the inner conductor of said coaxial waveguide, the outer conductor of said second circular waveguide formed by an extension of the outer conductor of said coaxial waveguide.

Claim 7

The apparatus of claim 3 further comprising launching means for lowering mode conversion in the transfer of energy in said second circular waveguide with said first circular and coaxial waveguides.

Claim 8

The apparatus of claim 4 wherein: a. said cutoff means includes a pin axially supported within said first circular waveguide, the ratio of the radii of said pin and said first circular waveguide''s outer conductor defining a cutoff frequency above the frequency carried by said coaxial waveguide; b. said launching means includes an extension of said pin beyond the termination of said inner conductor, said extension having a radius which in cooperation with the radius of said second circular waveguide''s outer conductor defines a TM 11 mode cutoff frequency above both frequencies carried by said apparatus, said extension ending in a taper which at a point has a radius which permits TM 11 modes of at least one frequency carried by said apparatus but which taper substantially inhibits their generation; and c. the polarization of said waveguided energy at each frequency is dual orthogonal polarization.

Claim 9

The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said filter further comprises a filter transformer having a stack of alternating metallic and dielectric annuli which are thin with respect to either wavelength carried and which said inner conductor passing through them.

Claim 10

The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said filter transformer commences approximately one-half wavelength of the higher frequency back from the terminations of said inner conductor, and extends back approximately one wavelength of the higher frequency for every 35 db. attenuation of the high frequency desired, and has a metallic sleeve disposed between said inner conductor and said stack, said stack appearing as a series of short circuited radial transmission lines with an impedance of infinity tO the higher frequency at their outside diameter.

Claim 11

The apparatus of claim 6 further comprising: a. a reactive groove cut into the outer conductor of said coaxial and second circular waveguides, said groove cut in approximately an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of the higher frequency, and said groove providing impedance-matching reactance at the lower frequency; b. impedance-matching means disposed on the end of said pin within said first circular waveguide to match the impedance of said first circular waveguide to the impedance of its termination containing said pin; and c. a conducting ring disposed between said pin and the inner conducting surface of said inner conductor at its termination said ring contacting said inner conductor but not contacting said pin.

Claim 12

The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising: 1 a. a first set of at least one impedance-matching ring for said coaxial waveguide; and b. a second set of at least one impedance-matching ring for said first circular waveguide, said first and second sets of impedance matching rings arranged within their respective waveguides to reduce reflections in waves carried by said coaxial and first circular waveguides.

Claim 13

A waveguide coupler for coupling two frequencies of electromagnetic waveguided energy of dual orthogonal polarization in the TE 11 mode from two separate frequency waveguides into one combined frequency waveguide and from one combined frequency waveguide into two separate frequency waveguides comprising: a. a coaxial waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a first frequency; and b. a first circular waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a second and higher frequency, said first circular waveguide being contained within the inner conductor of said coaxial waveguide, with a termination to said inner conductor, said first circular waveguide and said coaxial waveguide; c. a pin axially supported within said first circular waveguide and having an extension to said pin extending beyond the termination of said inner conductor the portion of said pin and its support within said first circular waveguide forming a coaxial termination thereto with a cutoff frequency between the higher and lower frequencies, the end of said pin within said first circular waveguide having means matching the impedance of said coaxial termination of said first circular waveguide to the remainder of said first circular waveguide; d. a filter transformer comprising a stack of alternating metal and dielectric annuli in said coaxial waveguide surrounding said inner conductor a distance from its termination said annuli being thin with respect to a wavelength at either frequency and providing an attenuation varying with stack length to the higher frequency waves in said coaxial waveguide, but appearing as lumped reactances to the lower frequency waves in said coaxial waveguide; e. a second circular waveguide capable of carrying the TE 11 mode waves from said first circular and coaxial waveguides and enclosing the region beyond the termination of said first circular waveguide and said inner conductor, the outer conductor of said second circular waveguide formed by an extension of the outer conductor of said coaxial waveguide, the extension of said pin beyond the termination of said inner conductor extending into said second circular waveguide and ending in a taper, the region of said second circular waveguide surrounding the extension of said pin being cutoff for the TM 11 mode of both frequencies carried, but the region surrounding the tapered ending being able at some point in the taper to support TM 11 modes of at least one frequency carried but having the taper substantially inhibiting their generation; and f. a reactive groove cut into the outer conductors of said coaxial and second circular waveguides, said groove cut in approximately an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of the higher frequency wave, said groove providing impedance-matching reactance at the lower frequency.

Claim 14

A waveguide coupler for coupling two frequencies of electromagnetic waveguided energy of dual orthogonal polarization in the TE 11 mode from two separate frequency waveguides into one combined frequency waveguide and from one combined frequency waveguide into two separate frequency waveguides comprising: a. a coaxial waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a first frequency; and b. a first circular waveguide carrying electromagnetic waves of a second and higher frequency, said first circular waveguide being contained within the inner conductor of said coaxial waveguide, with a termination to said inner conductor, said first circular waveguide and said coaxial waveguide; c. a pin axially supported within said first circular waveguide and having an extension to said pin extending beyond the termination of said inner conductor the portion of said pin and its support within said first circular waveguide forming a coaxial termination thereto with a cutoff frequency between the higher and lower frequencies, the end of said pin within said first circular waveguide having means matching the impedance of said coaxial termination of said first circular waveguide to the remainder of said first circular waveguide; d. a filter transformer comprising a stack of alternating metal and dielectric annuli in said coaxial waveguide surrounding said inner conductor a distance from its termination said annuli being thin with respect to a wavelength at either frequency and providing an attenuation varying with stack length to the higher frequency waves in said coaxial waveguide, but appearing as lumped reactances to the lower frequency waves in said coaxial waveguide; e. a second circular waveguide capable of carrying the TE 11 mode waves from said first circular and coaxial waveguides and enclosing the region beyond the termination of said first circular waveguide and said inner conductor, the outer conductor of said second circular waveguide formed by an extension of the outer conductor of said coaxial waveguide, the extension of said pin beyond the termination of said inner conductor extending into said second circular waveguide and ending in a taper, the region of said second circular waveguide surrounding the extension of said pin being cutoff for the TM 11 mode of both frequencies carried, but the region surrounding the tapered ending being able at some point in the taper to support TM 11 modes of at least one frequency carried but having the taper substantially inhibiting their generation; and f. a reactive groove cut into the outer conductors of said coaxial and second circular waveguides, said groove cut in approximately an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of the higher frequency wave, said groove providing impedance-matching reactance at the lower frequency.