US3582870A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Ultrasonic detection system
Assignee: NORMDA IND Inc
•
Filing: 1969-03-10
•
Granted: 1971-06-01
•
Expires: 1989-03-10
Abstract
Abstract Highly stable ultrasonic intruder detection systems employ broad band electrostatic transducers supplied by high voltage AC and high voltage DC. Similar receiver transducers supplied by the high voltage DC produce an AC current upon receiving ultrasonic vibrations. An amplifier with inverse logarithmic gain characteristics amplifies the incoming signal and passes it to a transistorized comparator where any Doppler signal is extracted by comparing the incoming signal with the broadcast signal. Combined Doppler amplifiers and band-pass filters amplify the Doppler signal and remove portions of the signals which are higher or lower in frequency than a range of human movement Doppler producing frequencies. A Doppler signal detector converts the filtered and amplified AC Doppler signal to a DC signal that is proportional to the average of incoming AC signals. When the DC voltage level reaches or exceeds a threshold level, an integrator begins charging and continues to charge. When the DC signal falls below the threshold, the capacitor is immediately discharged. When the capacitor has been charged over a predetermined period of time, a relay is actuated to set off an alarm. The alarm continues as long as the DC Doppler threshold is exceeded.
Inventors
- 👤 Charles H Peterson
- 👤 Curtiss C Krueger
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 13:29
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01S; G01S15/00; G01S15/02; G01S15/50; G01S15/52; G01S15/523; G08; G08B; G08B13/00; G08B13/16; G08B13/1609; G08B13/1618; G08B13/1627
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
240 words
In electronic intruder detection apparatus in which transmitters broadcast waves into a space, in which objects within the space reflect waves to receivers and in which comparison means connected to the transmitters and receivers compares broadcast and received waves and extracts Doppler effects which indicate the motion of objects within the space, the improved combination comprising: a power source including AC generating means, a transmitter transducer connected to the AC generating means, for driving the transmitter transducer to direct waves into a space, a receiver transducer directed toward the space for receiving waves therefrom and for converting waves impinging thereon to varying voltage signals, a receiver amplifier connected to the receiver transducer, phase comparator means connected to the receiver amplifier and to the power source for extracting Doppler signals, Doppler amplifier means and filter means connected to the comparator for strengthening the Doppler signals and removing signals above and below predetermined frequency levels, Doppler detector means connected to the Doppler amplifier for converting AC Doppler signals to DC Doppler signals, an alarm control means including integrator means connected to the Doppler detector means for operating an alarm when a DC signal from the detector means has exceeded a threshold for a predetermined time, and discharging means connected to the detector means and to the integrator means for discharging the integrator means upon Interruption of the DC signal above a threshold, and an alarm means connected to the alarm control means.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
240 words
In electronic intruder detection apparatus in which transmitters broadcast waves into a space, in which objects within the space reflect waves to receivers and in which comparison means connected to the transmitters and receivers compares broadcast and received waves and extracts Doppler effects which indicate the motion of objects within the space, the improved combination comprising: a power source including AC generating means, a transmitter transducer connected to the AC generating means, for driving the transmitter transducer to direct waves into a space, a receiver transducer directed toward the space for receiving waves therefrom and for converting waves impinging thereon to varying voltage signals, a receiver amplifier connected to the receiver transducer, phase comparator means connected to the receiver amplifier and to the power source for extracting Doppler signals, Doppler amplifier means and filter means connected to the comparator for strengthening the Doppler signals and removing signals above and below predetermined frequency levels, Doppler detector means connected to the Doppler amplifier for converting AC Doppler signals to DC Doppler signals, an alarm control means including integrator means connected to the Doppler detector means for operating an alarm when a DC signal from the detector means has exceeded a threshold for a predetermined time, and discharging means connected to the detector means and to the integrator means for discharging the integrator means upon Interruption of the DC signal above a threshold, and an alarm means connected to the alarm control means.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
65 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the Doppler detector means comprises rectifier means connected to the Doppler amplifier for conducting on half cycles of amplified AC signals from the amplifier, and integrator means connected to the rectifier means for smoothing AC components of a half wave signal from the transistor to a DC signal having a level which is an average of the incoming signal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
108 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the discharging means comprises threshold switching means connected to the Doppler detector means for changing state in response to incoming DC Doppler signal exceeding a predetermined level, and wherein the integrator means is connected to the threshold switching means for discharging when the threshold switching means is in a first state and for charging when the threshold switching means is in a second state, and wherein the alarm control means further comprises second switching means connected to the integrator means and to the alarm means for operating the alarm means in response to the integrator means being charged for a predetermined time.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
48 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the power source additionally comprises a high voltage DC generating means connected to the high voltage AC generating means, and wherein the transmitter and receiver transducers comprises turnable transducers connected to the high voltage DC generating means for biasing the transducer means.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the receiver amplifier comprises logarithmic amplifier means for inversely logarithmically amplifying the varying voltage signals.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
188 words
The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the Doppler detector means comprises rectifier means connected to the Doppler amplifier for conducting on half cycles of amplified AC signals from the amplifier, and integrating means connected to the rectifier means for smoothing AC components of a half wave signal from the transistor to a DC signal having a level which is an average of the incoming signal; wherein the discharging means comprises threshold switching means connected to the Doppler detector means for changing state in response to incoming DC Doppler signal exceeding a predetermined level, and wherein the integrator means is connected to the threshold switching means for discharging when the threshold switching means is in a first state and for charging when the threshold switching means is in a second state, and wherein the alarm control means further comprises second switching means connected to the integrator means and to the alarm means for operating the alarm means in response to the integrator means being charged for a predetermined time, and regenerative feedback means connected to the second switching means for baising the second switching to a no alarm state.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
39 words
The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the power supply further comprises sequentially connected AC input means, stepdown transformer mean, rectifying means, trickle charging means, battery means and oscillator means, the oscillator means being connected to the AC generating means.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
53 words
The method of controlling an alarm by detecting Doppler effects in broadcast and received wave energy comprising: charging an integrator when Doppler effects exceed a threshold level, discharging an integrator immediately upon interruption of Doppler effects above a threshold level, and operating an alarm when the integrator is charged to a predetermined level.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
53 words
The method of controlling an alarm by detecting Doppler effects in broadcast and received wave energy comprising: charging an integrator when Doppler effects exceed a threshold level, discharging an integrator immediately upon interruption of Doppler effects above a threshold level, and operating an alarm when the integrator is charged to a predetermined level.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 8 further comprising the preliminary steps of converting Doppler effects to Doppler signals and smoothing the Doppler signals.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 8 further comprising the preliminary step of inversely logarithmically amplifying the Doppler effects.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
101 words
In Doppler effect alarm controlling apparatus having wave transmitter and receiver means and a Doppler detector Connected thereto for producing a Doppler signal, the improvement comprising: an electronic switch connected to the detector for changing from a first state to a second state when the signal exceeds a threshold level, an integrator connected to the switch and to the detector for discharging when the switch is in a first state and charging when the switch is in a second state and an alarm control connected to the integrator for starting an alarm when the integrator is charged to a predetermined level.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
101 words
In Doppler effect alarm controlling apparatus having wave transmitter and receiver means and a Doppler detector Connected thereto for producing a Doppler signal, the improvement comprising: an electronic switch connected to the detector for changing from a first state to a second state when the signal exceeds a threshold level, an integrator connected to the switch and to the detector for discharging when the switch is in a first state and charging when the switch is in a second state and an alarm control connected to the integrator for starting an alarm when the integrator is charged to a predetermined level.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the detector further comprises integrating means for averaging and smoothing the Doppler signal.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
120 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: receiving reflected wave energy, converting the received wave energy to electronic signals, and logarithmically amplifying the signals, thereby producing substantially uniform strength Doppler effect signals with respect to received wave energy, sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, and operating a control device when Doppler effects are continued for a predetermined period, and discontinuing the sensing and operating steps upon interrupting of Doppler effects.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
120 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: receiving reflected wave energy, converting the received wave energy to electronic signals, and logarithmically amplifying the signals, thereby producing substantially uniform strength Doppler effect signals with respect to received wave energy, sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, and operating a control device when Doppler effects are continued for a predetermined period, and discontinuing the sensing and operating steps upon interrupting of Doppler effects.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
116 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: logarithmically amplifying received wave energy signals prior to extracting Doppler signals therefrom, amplifying the Doppler signals while filtering and removing Doppler signals above and below predetermined frequencies, sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, and operating a control device when Doppler effects are continued for a predetermined period, and discontinuing the sensing and operating steps upon interrupting of Doppler effects.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
116 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: logarithmically amplifying received wave energy signals prior to extracting Doppler signals therefrom, amplifying the Doppler signals while filtering and removing Doppler signals above and below predetermined frequencies, sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, and operating a control device when Doppler effects are continued for a predetermined period, and discontinuing the sensing and operating steps upon interrupting of Doppler effects.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
141 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, converting the Doppler effects to DC signals, turning a switching device off in response to DC signal above a predetermined level, turning the switching device on in response to interrupting of the DC signal below the predetermined level, changing the condition of a second switching device in response to the first switching device being in off condition for a predetermined period, and completing an alarm circuit in response to the changing of condition of the second switching device.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
141 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, converting the Doppler effects to DC signals, turning a switching device off in response to DC signal above a predetermined level, turning the switching device on in response to interrupting of the DC signal below the predetermined level, changing the condition of a second switching device in response to the first switching device being in off condition for a predetermined period, and completing an alarm circuit in response to the changing of condition of the second switching device.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
162 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, converting the Doppler effects to DC signals, turning a switching device off in response to DC signal above a predetermined level, turning the switching device on in response to interrupting of the DC signal below the predetermined level, changing the condition of a second switching device in response to the first switching device being in off condition for a predetermined period and changing the state of a third switching device in response to the changing of condition of the second switching device, and completing an alarm circuit in response to the changing of condition of the third switching device.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
162 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, converting the Doppler effects to DC signals, turning a switching device off in response to DC signal above a predetermined level, turning the switching device on in response to interrupting of the DC signal below the predetermined level, changing the condition of a second switching device in response to the first switching device being in off condition for a predetermined period and changing the state of a third switching device in response to the changing of condition of the second switching device, and completing an alarm circuit in response to the changing of condition of the third switching device.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
99 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: biasing transmitter and receiver transducers with high voltage direct current, sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, and operating a control device when Doppler effects are continued for a predetermined period, and discontinuing the sensing and operating steps upon interrupting of Doppler effects.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
99 words
In an electronic intruder detection method in which wave energy is transmitted into a space, is reflected from surfaces in the space and is received, and in which received waves are analyzed for detection of the presence of Doppler effects, which indicate occurrence of motion within the space, the improved method comprising the steps of: biasing transmitter and receiver transducers with high voltage direct current, sensing continued Doppler effects for a predetermined period, and operating a control device when Doppler effects are continued for a predetermined period, and discontinuing the sensing and operating steps upon interrupting of Doppler effects.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1974-05-31 | 1974-11-30 | 1975-06-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1978-05-31 | 1978-11-30 | 1979-06-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1982-05-31 | 1982-11-30 | 1983-06-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |