Microwave integrated circuit mixer

Claim 1

A MIXER FOR MODULATING RADAR-FREQUENCY SIGNALS WHICH COMPRISES: (A) A SUBSTANTIALLY INSTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER HAVING OPPOSITE SURFACES, (B) A CONTINUOUS METALLIC LAYER ADJACENT ONE OF SAID OPPOSITE SURFACES TO PROVIDE A CONDUCTIVE GROUND PLANE LAYER, (C) A PLURALITY OF THIN METALLIC FILMS PROVIDING CONDUCTIVE STRIPLINES DEPOSITED ON THE OTHER SURFACE OF THE WAFER AND FORMING A COUPLER INCLUDING A PAIR OF INPUT PORTIONS FOR RECEIVING A PAIR OF INPUT SIGNALS AND A PAIR OF OUTPUT PORTIONS, (D) A PAIR OF SURFACE-ORIENTED DIODES IN SAID WAFER, EACH DIODE COMPRISED OF A FIRST ZONE OF ONE CONDUCTIVITY TYPE AND A SECOND ZONES BEING LATERALLY TYPE, SAID FIRST AND SECOND ZONES BEING LATERALLY SPACED FROM ONE ANOTHER ALONG AND EXTENDING SOLELY TO SAID OTHER SURFACE, A PAIR OF JUNCTIONS FORMED BY THE INTERSECTION OF EACH OF SAID ZONES WITH SAID WAFER EXTENDING SOLELY TO SAID OTHER SURFACE WITH INTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL OF SAID WAFER SEPARATING SAID PAIR OF JUNCTIONS, THE COUPLER OUTPUT PORTIONS BEING RESPECTIVELY ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED WITH THE FIRST ZONE OF EACH OF THE SAID DIODES AT SAID OTHER SURFACE, AND (E) A PAIR OF THIN METALLIC FILMS PROVIDING CONDUCTIVE STRIPLINES RESPECTIVELY ELECTRICALLY CONNECTED WITH THE SECOND ZONE OF EACH OF THE SAID DIODES AT SAID OTHER SURFACE AND FORMING A PAIR OF OUTPUT PORTIONS FOR THE MIXER.