Composite structures made by bonding ceramics, cermets, alloys, heavy alloys and metals of different thermal expansion coefficient

Claim 1

A COMPOSITE STRUCTURE COMPRISING TWO SPACED APART COMPONENT PARTS AND A CONNECTING PIECE METALLURGICALLY BONDED BETWEEN SAID COMPONENT PARTS: (A) SAID COMPONENT PARTS BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF: (1) CERAMICS AND METALS, (2) CERMETS AND METALS, (3) CERMETS AND SUPER ALLOYS, (4) HEAVY TUNGSTEN ALLOYS AND METALS, (5) CERAMICS AND CERMETS, AND (6) CERAMICS AND SUPER ALLOYS, (B) SAID CONNECTING PIECE BEING AT LEAST ONE ALLOY FORMED BY POWDER METALLURGY AND HAVINNG A COEFFECIENT OF EXPANSION WHICH VARIES SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUSLY FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER AND IN WHICH SAID COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION AT EACH END OF SAID CONNECTING PIECE SUBSTANTIALLY MATCHES THE COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION AT THE ADJACENNT END OF THE COMPOENT PART TO WHICH IT IS BONDED, THE ALLOY OF SAID CONNECTING PIECE CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A COMBINATION OF THE HEREINAFTER SPECIFIED ELEMENTS, THE AMOUNT OF EACH SPECIFIED ELEMENT IN THE ALLOY VARYING SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUSLY FROM ONE END TO THE OTHER WITHIN THE INDICATED RANGE, SAID ALLOYS BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF: (A) AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF IRON OVER THE RANGE OF 54 74%, NICKEL OVER THE RANGE OF 29 TO 8%, COBALT OVER THE RANGE OF 17 TO 0%, AND CHROMIUM WITHIN THE RANGE OF 0 TO 18%; (B) AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF IRON OVER THE RANGE OF 58 TO 74%, NICKEL OVER THE RANGE OF 42 TO 8%, AND CHROMIUM OVER THE RANGE OF 0 TO 18%; (C) AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ZIRCONIUM OVER THE RANGE OF 100 TO 0%, AND TITANIUM OVER THE RANGE OF 0 TO 100%; (D) AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF TUNGSTEN OVER THE RANGE OF 94 TO 0%, CARBON OVER THE RANGE OF 6 TO 0%, AND COBALT OVER THE RANGE OF 0 TO 100%; (E) AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENNTIALLY OF TITANIUM OVER THE RANGE OF 81.5 TO 0%, CARBON OVER THE RANGE OF 18.5 TO 0%, AND NICKEL OVER THE RANGE OF 0 TO 100%; (F) AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF TUNGSTEN OVER THE RANGE OF 92 TO 0%, NICKEL OVER THE RANGE OF 5 TO 100%, AND COPPER OVER THE RANGE OF 3 TO 0%, AND (G) AN ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF IRON OVER THE RANGE OF 74 TO 79.5%, CHROMIUM OVER THE RANGE OF 18 TO 3.5%, NICKEL OVER THE RANGE OF 8 TO 12%, AND MANGANESE OVER THE RANGE OF 0 TO 5%.