Photosensitive pattern recognition systems

Abstract

Abstract 963, 554. Automatic speech recognition. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. May 15, 1962 [May 26, 1961], No. 18699/62. Heading G4R. In apparatus for identifying spoken words a signal representing the word is applied to circuits 11-15, Fig. 1 adapted to measure particular features or properties of the signal, the outputs being applied to thresholu circuits providing a binary representation of the input signal on five parallel leads for the actuation of five switches 22-26 each adapted to illuminate one of two lamps 40-41 as shown in Fig. 3. A disc 30 has a series of radial rows of code areas 35, Fig. 2 there being ten areas in each row each co-operating with one of the lamps. For each word of the vocabulary there is a row of areas. The areas have an opacity proportional to the logarithm of the probability that the corresponding feature will be present in the word represented. At the instant a row is aligned with the lamps, the light transmitted from an illuminated lamp is multiplied by the said logarithm. All the light transmitted is collected (added) on the photo-cell 43, the signal then produced being proportional to the logarithm of the product of the features present or absent times the probability that they will be present or absent for the corresponding word. This signal is arranged, in the form described, to be lower for a better match The lowest signal as the disc rotates is found by storing the minimum signal in a capacitor store 54 during a first revolution and comparing all the successive signals with this minimum on the next revolution, to produce a differentially timed pulse to open gates 57. There is, opposite each row of the disc a code area 38 having nine binary bits. These are gated out when gates 57 open and represent the word identified. A single hole on the disc is detected by photo-cell 48 to give an end-of-revolution pulse used for switching switch 51 to apply the output from photo-cell 43 first to the minimum signal store 54 and then to the comparator 55. The nine binary bits representing the identified word contain information to be used in aiding identification of adjacent words. For example they may contain a word classification such as "noun". Since nouns are seldom adjacent in a sentence, this classification may decide whether a word identified is a noun or not. By such means words may be distinguished such as "for" and "four", which are identical as spoken but which would probably be accompanied by words of different class. A method of preparing the disc photographically is described Instead of binary outputs the feature measuring circuits may give outputs having several alternative states, a corresponding number of lamps being provided in the unit 40, 41.

Inventors

• 👤 Wesley E Dickinson

Bibliographic Details