Fluid coupling

Claim 1

IN A FLUID COUPLING HAVING RELATIVELY ROTATABLE AND JUXTAPOSED VANED IMPELLER AND RUNNER SHELLS SEPARATED BY AN ANNULAR GAP AND FORMING A TOROIDAL WORK CHAMBER, MEANS FOR SUPPLYING HYDRAULIC FLUID TO THE WORK CHAMBER FROM AN EXTERNAL SOURCE, A CASING SURROUNDING THE IMPELLER AND RUNNER SHELLS, SAID CASING HAVING AN OPENING ON THE RUNNER SHELL SIDE COAXIAL WITH THE AXIS OF ROTATION OF THE IMPELLER AND RUNNER SHELLS, A WALL WITHIN THE CASING ON THE RUNNER SHELL SIDE DEFINING AN ANNULAR SCOOP CHAMBER COAXIAL TO AND ADJACENT SAID WORK CHAMBER, SAID WALL HAVING A FIRST OPENING COAXIAL WITH SAID OPENING IN THE CASING, SECOND OPENING MEANS IN SAID WALL ADJACENT THE OUTER PERIPHERY OF IMPELLER AND RUNNER SHELLS PROVIDING LIMITED FLOW BETWEEN SAID SCOOP AND WORKING CHAMBERS, AND A SCOOP TUBE RADIALLY ADJUSTABLE IN SAID SCOOP CHAMBER FOR EXHAUSTING EXCESS FLUID BACK TO SAID EXTENAL SOURCE TO CONTROL THE LEVEL OF FLUID IN SAID CHAMBER AND IN SAID WORK CHAMBER, THE WORK CHAMBER BEING PARTIALLY FILLED WITH FLUID WHICH UNDER NORMAL RUNNING CONDITIONS IS LOCATED ADJACENT THE OUTER PERIPHERIES OF THE RUNNER AND IMPELLER SHELLS, THE IMPROVEMENT OF SAID RUNNER SHELL HAVING A RADIALLY EXTENDING APERTURE NEAR THE INNER PERIPHERY THEREOF AND SPACED FROM THE FLUID IN THE WORK CHAMBER UNDER NORMAL RUNNING CONDITIONS, A TUBULAR ORIFICE INSERTED INTO SAID APERTURE TO EXHAST FLUID FROM SAID WORK CHAMBER DURING OVERLOAD CONDITIONS, A PORTION OF SAID TUBULAR ORIFICE PROJECTING INTO THE WORK CHAMBER AND HAVING AN INLET OPENING FACING IN A DIRECTION OPPOSING FLUID FLOW IN THE WORK CHAMBER AND AN OUTLET EXTERIORLY OF THE RUNNER SHELL AND DIVERTING MEANS EXTERIOR OF THE RUNNER SHELL TO DEFLECT FLUID ISSUING FROM SAID TUBULAR ORIFICE THROUGH SAID FIRST OPENING IN THE WALL AND THE OPENING IN THE CASING.