Emulsifier compositions and uses thereof

Claim 1

AN EMULSION WITH AN ACIDIC INTERNAL PHASE USEFUL IN FRACTURING AND ACIDIZING SUBTERRANEAN FORMATIONS, SAID EMULSION COMPRISING A WATER-IN-OIL EMULSION WHEREIN THE WATER PHASE CONTAINS 5-25% BY WEIGHT OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID, THE EMULSION BEING EMULSIFIED BY AN EMULSIFYING AGENT CONSITING ESSENTIALLY OF A MIXTURE SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (I) (A) 15-80% BY WEIGHT OF A 9-18 CARBON FATTY ACID SALT OF A PARTIAL AMIDE OF A POLYALKYLENE POLYAMINE WITH 2-6 CARBON ALKYLENE GROUPS AND 3-5 AMINO NITROGENS IN WHICH AT LEAST TWO AMINO GROUPS ARE AMIDIFIED WITH 9-18 CARBON MONOCARBOXYLIC FATTY ACIDS AND WHEREIN THERE IS AT LEAST ONE NON-AMIDIFIED AMINO GROUP FORMING A SALT WITH SAID ACID, AND (B) AT LEAST ONE OF THE MEMBERS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF 40-85% BY WEIGHT OF A 9-18 CARBON MONOCARBOXYLIC FATTY ACID POLYESTER OF A TRI-LOWER ALKYLOL AMINE, 10-40% BY WEIGHT OF A QUATERNARY SALT OF AN N,N-DIHYDROXYALKYLATED ALIPHATIC MONOAMINE OF 12-18 CARBONS WHEREIN THE QUATERNIZING AGENT IS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BENZYL CHLORIDE, LOWER ALKYL CHLORIDES AND BROMIDES, AND DI-LOWER ALKYL SULFATES, 25-75% BY WEIGHT OF A POLYOXYETHYLATED ORGANIC COMPOUND SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF MONOALKYL PHENOLS, DI-ALKYL PHENOLS, 12-18 CARBON ALIPHATIC MONOAMINES, AND MIXTURES THEREOF, SAID POLYOXYETHYLATED COMPOUNDS HAVING AN AVERAGE OF ABOUT 4-15 OXYETHYLENE GROUPS PER MOLECULE, 20-55% BY WEIGHT OF A TRI-LOWER ALKYL AMINE WHEREIN THE ALKYL GROUPS HAVE 3-6 CARBONS, SAID PERCENTAGES IN SAID MIXTURE BEING BASED ON THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF SAID COMPOUNDS OF SAID MIXTURE, AND (II) (A'') 15-50% BY WEIGHT OF A 9-18 CARBON MONOCARBOXYLIC FATTY ACID SALD OF A PARTIAL AMIDE OF A POLYALKYLENE POLYAMINE WITH 2-6 CARBON ALKYLENE GROUPS AND 3-5 AMINO NITROGENS IN WHICH AT LEAST TWO AMINO GROUPS ARE AMIDIFIED WITH 9-18 CARBON MONOCARBOXYLIC FATTY ACIDS AND WHEREIN THERE IS AT LEAST ONE NON-AMIDIFIED AMINO GROUP FORMING A SALT WITH SAID ACID AND (B'') 50-85% BY WEIGHT OF A POLYAMIDE OF AN ALKYLENE POLYAMIDE WITH 2-6 CARBON ALKYLENE GROUPS AND 2-5 AMINO NITROGENS AND A 9-18 CARBON MONOCARBOXYLIC FATTY ACID, SAID PERCENTAGES FOR (A'') AND (B'') BEING BASED ON THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF (A'') AND (B'').