Circuits for transmitting input pulses of any polarity as output pulses having a given constant polarity

Claim 1

A CIRCUIT FOR TRANSMITTING ELECTRICAL PULSES OF ANY POLARITY AS PULSES OF ONE POLARITY, COMPRISING: A TRANSISTOR CONNECTED IN GROUNDED-EMITTER CONNECTION, A LOAD RESISTOR CONNECTED IN THE COLLECTOR-CIRCUIT OF SAID TRANSISTOR, AN OUTPUT TERMINAL COUPLED TO SAID COLLECTOR, THE EMITTER OF THE TRANSISTOR BEING COUPLED TO GROUND THROUGH A RESISTOR, MEANS FOR SUPPLYING TO THE BASE OF THE TRANSISTOR A FORWARD CURRENT HAVING A VALUE SUCH THAT THE TRANSISTOR OPERATES BELOW THE BEND OF ITS COLLECTOR CURRENT-COLLECTOR VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTIC, MEANS FOR APPLYING INPUT PULSES HAVING FORWARD AND CUT-OFF POLARITIES TO THE BASE OF THE TRANSISTOR, A PULSE OF SUFFICIENT AMPLITUDE HAVING THE CUT-OFF POLARITY CAUSING THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS SAID COLLECTOR RESISTOR TO INCREASE IN A PREDETERMINED DIRECTION DUE TO A DISPLACEMENT OF THE OPERATING-POINT OF THE TRANSISTOR TO A POINT ABOVE THE BEND OF ITS COLLECTOR CURRENT-COLLECTOR VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTIC, AND A PULSE HAVING THE FORWARD POLARITY ALSO CAUSING THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS SAID COLLECTOR RESISTOR TO INCREASE IN THE SAME PREDETERMINED DIRECTION IN RESPONSE TO A CORRESPONDING CHANGE OF THE VOLTAGE DROP ACROSS THE EMITTER RESISTOR DUE TO THE FLOW OF EMITTER CURRENT, SAID EMITTER RESISTOR BEING BRIDGED BY THE SERIES-COMBINATION OF A DIODE CONNECTED IN THE CUT-OFF DIRECTION OF THE TRANSISTOR AND A VOLTAGE SOURCE HAVING A POLARITY TO POLARIZE SAID DIODE IN THE PASS DIRECTION, THE VOLTAGE OF SAID SOURCE BEING SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO THE VOLTAGE DROP OCCURRING ACROSS THE EMITTER RESISTOR IN THE ABSENCE OF AN INPUT PULSE, WHEREBY INPUT PULSES OF ANY POLARITY PRODUCE LIKE VOLTAGE DROPS ACROSS SAID COLLECTOR RESISTOR AND OUTPUT PULSES OF ONE POLARITY AT SAID OUTPUT TERMINAL AND SAID DIODE BECOMES CONDUCTING UPON THE APPLICATION OF A PULSE HAVING THE CUT-OFF POLARITY AND PREVENTS THE OCCURRENCE OF ANY APPRECIABLE FEEDBACK IN THE EMITTER CIRCUIT OF THE TRANSISTOR.