Process for carrying out chemical reactions in a layer of sprayed whirling liquid

Claim 2

A PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE GASEOUS AND AT LEAST ONE LIQUID COMPONENT, WHICH COMPRISES MAINTAINING A SUMP OF A LIQUID REACTION COMPONENT, CENTRIFUGALLY FORCING SAID LIQUID COMPONENT FROM SAID SUMP AT HIGH SPEED AS A DISPERSION SSPRAY INTO A REACTION ZONE, PASSING SAID GASEOUS REACTION COMPONENT INTO SAID REACTION ZONE, RETURNING SPRAYED COMPONENT INTO SAID SUMP AND REGULATING THE LIQUID VOLUME WITHIN SAID SUMP AND THE RATE OF SAID LIQUID COMPONENT SPRAY SO THAT AN APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF RETURNED LIQUID COMPONENT IS CONTINUOUSLY AND SUBSTANTIALLY IMMEDIATELY FED TO SAID REACTION ZONE BY CENTRIFUGAL FORCING.

Claim 3

A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RING-ALKYLATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE GASEOUS AND AT LEAST ONE LIQUID COMPONENT, WHICH COMPRISES MAINTAINING A SUMP OF THE LIQUID REACTION COMPONENT, CENTRIFUGALLY FORCING A CATALYST WHICH IS LIQUID UNDER THE REACTION CONDITIONS AS A DISPERSION SPRAY INTO A REACTION ZONE SO THAT THE REACTION ZONE IS SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETELY FILLED WITH A WHIRLING CATALYTICALLY EFFECTIVE LIQUID, SAID CATALYST BEING A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHOSPHORIC, HYDROCHLORIC, AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC SULFONIC ACIDS, MIXTURES THEREOF AND ACID-REACTING METAL SALTS IN AQUEOUS LIQUID FORM, SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUSLY PASSING INTO SAID REACTION ZONE AN AROMATIC COMPOUND TOGETHER WITH AN ALKYLATING AGENT, SAID AROMATIC COMPOUND BEING A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BENZENE, TOLUENE AND ETHYL BENZENE, AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN -10* AND 300*C. AND A PRESSURE BELOW 50 ATMOSPHERES, RETURNING SPRAYED COMPONENT INTO SAID SUMP AND REGULATING THE LIQUID VOLUME WITHIN SAID SUMP AND THE RATE OF SAID LIQUID COMPONENT SPRAY SO THAT AN APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF RETURNED LIQUID COMPONENT IS CONTINUOUSLY AND SUBSTANTIALLY IMMEDIATELY RE-FED TO SAID REACTION ZONE.

Claim 4

A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RING-ALKYLATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE GASEOUS AND AT LEAST ONE LIQUID COMPONENT, WHICH COMPRISES MAINTAINING A SUMP OF THE LIQUID REACTION COMPONENT, CENTRIFUGALLY FORCING A CATALYST WHICH IS LIQUID UNDER THE REACTION CONDITIONS AS A DISPERSION SPRAY INTO A REACTION ZONE SO THAT THE REACTION ZONE IS SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETELY FILLED WITH A WHIRLING CATALYTICALLY EFFECTIVE LIQUID, SAID CATALYST BEING A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHOSPHORIC, HYDROCHLORIC, AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC SULFONIC ACIDS, MIXTURES THEREOF AND ACID-REACTING METAL SALTS IN AQUEOUS LIQUID FORM, SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUSLY PASSING INTO SAID REACTION ZONE AN AROMATIC COMPOUND TOGETHER WITH AN ALKYLATING AGENT, SAID AROMATIC COMPOUND BEING A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF BENZENE, TOLUENE AND ETHYL BENZENE, AT A TEMPERATURE BETWEEN -10* AND 300*C. AND A PRESSURE BELOW 50 ATMOSPHERES, RETURNING SPRAYED COMPONENT INTO SAID SUMP AND REGULATING THE LIQUID VOLUME WITHIN SAID SUMP AND THE RATE OF SAID LIQUID COMPONENT SPRAY SO THAT AN APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF RETURNED LIQUID COMPONENT IS CONTINUOUSLY AND SUBSTANTIALLY IMMEDIATELY RE-FED TO SAID REACTION ZONE.

Claim 5

A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE GASEOUS AND AT LEAST ONE LIQUID COMPONENT, WHICH COMPRISES MAINTAINING A SUMP OF THE LIQUID REACTION COMPONENT, CENTRIFUGALLY FORCING A CATALYSST WHICH IS LIQUID UNDER THE REACTION CONDITIONS AS A DISPERSION SPRAY INTO A REACTION ZONE SO THAT THE REACTION ZONE IS SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETELY FILLED WITH A WHIRLING CATALYTICALLY EFFECTIVE LIQUID, SAID CATALYST BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHOSPHORIC, SULFURIC, HYDROCHLORIC, AROMATIC ALIPHATIC SULFONIC ACIDS, MIXTURES THEREOF AND ACID REACTING METAL SALTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION, SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUSLY PASSING INTO SAID REACTION ZONE A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, CARBOXYLIC ACID ANHYDRIDES AND CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS, TOGETHER WITH AN ESTERIIFYING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALCOHOLS, ETHERS AND OLEFINS, RETURNING SPRAYED COMPONENT INTO SAID SUMP AND REGULATING THE LIQUID VOLUME WITHIN SAID SUJMP AND THE RATE OF SAID LIQUID COMPONENT SPRAY SO THAT AN APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF RETURNED LIQUID COMPONENT IS CONTINUOUSLY AND SUBSTANTIALLY IMMEDIATELY RE-FED TO SAID REACTION ZONE.

Claim 6

A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE GASEOUS AND AT LEAST ONE LIQUID COMPONENT, WHICH COMPRISES MAINTAINING A SUMP OF THE LIQUID REACTION COMPONENT, CENTRIFUGALLY FORCING A CATALYSST WHICH IS LIQUID UNDER THE REACTION CONDITIONS AS A DISPERSION SPRAY INTO A REACTION ZONE SO THAT THE REACTION ZONE IS SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETELY FILLED WITH A WHIRLING CATALYTICALLY EFFECTIVE LIQUID, SAID CATALYST BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF PHOSPHORIC, SULFURIC, HYDROCHLORIC, AROMATIC ALIPHATIC SULFONIC ACIDS, MIXTURES THEREOF AND ACID REACTING METAL SALTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION, SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUSLY PASSING INTO SAID REACTION ZONE A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, CARBOXYLIC ACID ANHYDRIDES AND CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS, TOGETHER WITH AN ESTERIIFYING AGENT SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALCOHOLS, ETHERS AND OLEFINS, RETURNING SPRAYED COMPONENT INTO SAID SUMP AND REGULATING THE LIQUID VOLUME WITHIN SAID SUJMP AND THE RATE OF SAID LIQUID COMPONENT SPRAY SO THAT AN APPRECIABLE AMOUNT OF RETURNED LIQUID COMPONENT IS CONTINUOUSLY AND SUBSTANTIALLY IMMEDIATELY RE-FED TO SAID REACTION ZONE.