Air-compressing, self-igniting, pre-combustion chamber injection type, internal-combustion engine

Claim 1

AN AIR-COMPRESSING, SELF-IGNITING, PRE-COMBUSTION CHAMBER IGNITION TYPE, INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE, WHICH COMPRISES A CYLINDER STRUCTURE DEFINING A COMBUSTION CHAMBER, A PRE-COMBUSTION CHAMBER, AND AN ORIFICE DISPOSED AT ONE END OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND AFFORDING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND SAID PRE-COMBUSTION CHAMBER AND ADAPTED TO DIRECT A JET FLAME FROM SAID PRE-COMBUSTION CHAMBER INTO SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER ALONG A PREDETERMINED PATH, SAID ENGINE FURTHER COMPRISING A PISTON MOVABLE IN SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER TO AN UPPER DEAD CENTER POSITION IN WHICH IT IS RELATIVELY CLOSE TO SAID END OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER FORMED WITH SAID ORIFICE, SAID PISTON HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY FLAT HEAD FACING SAID ORIFICE AND PROVIDED WITH A SUBSTANTIALLY CYLINDRICAL INSERT OF HIGH TEMPERATURERESISTING MATERIAL ARRANGED TO BE IMPINGED BY SAID JET FLAME, THE RATIO OF THE DIAMETER OF SAID ORIFICE TO THE DIAMETER OF SAID INSERT AT ITS END FACING SAID ORIFICE BEING 1:1 TO 1:2 AND THE VOLUME OF SAID PRE-COMBUSTION CHAMBER BEING AT LEAST 65% OF THE TOTAL VOLUME OF SAID PRECOMBUSTION CHAMBER AND THAT PORTION OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER WHICH IS DISPOSED BETWEEN SAID PISTON AND SAID ONE END OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER WHEN SAID PISTON IS IN SAID UPPER DEAD CENTER POSITION SAID PISTON BEING FORMED ON ITS SIDE FACING SAID ONE END OF SAID COMBUSTION CHAMBER WITH GROOVES WHICH RADIATE FROM THE CENTRAL AREA OF THE INSERT.