Deferred activation battery

Claim 1

A DEFERRED ACTIVATION ELECTRIC CELL COMPRISING A LEAD ELECTRODE, A LEAD DIOXIDE ELECTRODE, AND AN AQUEOUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION OF AN ACID WHICH NEITHER OXIDIZES LEAD NOR REDUCES LEAD DIOXIDE BY CONTACT THEREWITH AND WHICH FORMS ON ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION WITH LEAD AND LEAD DIOXIDE A SALT SOLUBLE IN SUCH ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION, AT LEAST ONE OF SAID ELECTRODES BEING A LIMITING ELECTRODE AND SAID CELL HAVING ITS OUTPUT CAPACITY DETERMINED BY THE QUANTITY TO ACTIVE MATERIAL AVAILABLE FOR DISSOLUTION FROM SAID LIMITING ELECTRODE, THE ELECTROLYTE OF SAID CELL COMPRISING A QUANTITY OF SAID ACID STOICHIOMETRICALLY EQUIVALENT TO TWICE THE LEAD CONTENT OF SAID LIMITING ELECTRODE AND PARTICULARLY CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE ELECTROLYTE OF THE CELL ALSO COMPRISES A FURTHER QUANTITY OF SAID ACID AT LEAST SEVERAL TIMES AS GREAT AS SAID STOICHIOMETRIC QUANTITY AND WHICH STABILIZES THE ACIDIC CHARACTER OF THE ELECTROLYTE AND THE VOLTAGE OF THE CELL THROUGHOUT THE RANGE OF DISCHARGE OF THE CELL.

Claim 3

A METHOD OF RAPIDLY FILLING A DEFERRED ACTIVATION BATTERY, WHICH BATTERY COMPRISES A PLURALITY OF CELLS, SAID METHOD COMPRISING PROVIDING SAID CELLS WITH INDIVIDUAL CAPILLARY FILLING TIPS ALL PROJECTING FROM ONE FACE OF THE BATTERY, CREATING A VACUUM IN SAID CELLS, IMMERSING THE ENDS ONLY OF SAID CAPILLARY TIPS IN A POOL OF ELECTROLYTE, APPLYING POSITIVE PRESSURE TO SAID POOL TO TRANSFER ELECTROLYTE THEREFROM THROUGH SAID IDIVIDUAL TIPS INTO SAID CELLS, AND REMOVING SAID TIPS FROM THE POOL OF ELECTROLYTE TO BREAK THE SHORT-CIRCUITING PATHS CREATED BETWEEN SAID TIPS BY SAID POOL.

Claim 4

A METHOD OF RAPIDLY FILLING A DEFERRED ACTIVATION BATTERY, WHICH BATTERY COMPRISES A PLURALITY OF CELLS, SAID METHOD COMPRISING PROVIDING SAID CELLS WITH INDIVIDUAL CAPILLARY FILLING TIPS ALL PROJECTING FROM ONE FACE OF THE BATTERY, CREATING A VACUUM IN SAID CELLS, IMMERSING THE ENDS ONLY OF SAID CAPILLARY TIPS IN A POOL OF ELECTROLYTE, APPLYING POSITIVE PRESSURE TO SAID POOL TO TRANSFER ELECTROLYTE THEREFROM THROUGH SAID IDIVIDUAL TIPS INTO SAID CELLS, AND REMOVING SAID TIPS FROM THE POOL OF ELECTROLYTE TO BREAK THE SHORT-CIRCUITING PATHS CREATED BETWEEN SAID TIPS BY SAID POOL.