US2820756A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Ion-exchange memberanes
Assignee: Gulf Research and Development Co
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Filing: 1953-12-29
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Granted: 1958-01-21
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Expires: 1973-12-29
Abstract
No abstract record available.
Inventors
- 👤 Malcolm Robert Jesse Wyllie
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 20:54
CPC Classifications
C; C08; C08J; C08J5/00; C08J5/20; C08J5/22; C08J5/2206; C08J5/2275; C08J2325/00; C08J2325/02; C08J2325/04; C08J2325/06; C08J2325/08; C08J2325/10; C08J2333/00; C08J2333/04; C08J2333/06; C08J2333/10; C08J2333/12; C08J2433/00; C08J2433/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 4
Claim 1
Independent Claim
227 words
A METHOD COMPRISING TREATING THE EXTERNAL SURFACES AND THE INTERNAL, ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL-BINDER INTERFACES OF A HETEROGENEOUS ION-EXCHANGE MEMBERANE THAT HAS SUBSTANTIAL THICKNESS AND PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND THAT COMPRISES A FINELY DIVIDED, WATER-INSOLUBLE, POROUS ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT AN ELECTROLYTICALLY INERT, ORGANIC BONDING MATRIX FORMED OF A POLYMERIZED RESIN DERIVED FROM A MONOMERIC MATERIAL HAVING THE GENERAL MOLECULAR STRUCTURE CH2=C<, SAID RESIN CONTAINING A PLURALITY OF RECURRING PHENYL SUBSTITUENTS, THE OPPOSING SURFACES OF SAID MEMBRANE BEING CONDUCTIVELY CONNECTED THROUGH A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY CONTACTING PARTICLES OF THE ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL DISPOSED THEREBETWEEN, SAID TREATING BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (A) SULFONATING (B) HALOALKYLATING AND AMINATING THE HALOALKYLATED PRODUCT, SAID (C) NITRATING AND REDUCING THE NITRATED PRODUCT, SAID TREATING BEING EFFECTIVE TO PENETRATE THE PORES THE IONEXCHANGE MATERIAL AND EFFECTIVE CHEMICALLY TO CONVERT THE RECURRING SUBSTITUENTS OF THE PORTIONS OF THE POLYMERIZED RESIN THAT FROM THE EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE BOUNDING RESIN AND THAT FORM THE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE BONDING MATRIX AND THE ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL AND THAT ARE CONTACTED DURING SAID TREATING, TO LIKE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (A) SULFONIC, (B) QUATERNARY AMMONIUM, AND (C) SUBSTITUED AMMONIUM GROUPS, SAID FUNCTIONAL GROUPS HAVING ASSOCIATED THEREWITH DISSOCIABLE IONS IONS, HAVING THE SAME IONIC SIGN AS THE DISSOCIABLE IONS OF SAID ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL, AND TERMINATING SAID TREATING BEFORE THE MEMBRANE HAS BEEN SUBSTANTIALLY WEAKENED THEREBY.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
227 words
A METHOD COMPRISING TREATING THE EXTERNAL SURFACES AND THE INTERNAL, ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL-BINDER INTERFACES OF A HETEROGENEOUS ION-EXCHANGE MEMBERANE THAT HAS SUBSTANTIAL THICKNESS AND PHYSICAL STRENGTH AND THAT COMPRISES A FINELY DIVIDED, WATER-INSOLUBLE, POROUS ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT AN ELECTROLYTICALLY INERT, ORGANIC BONDING MATRIX FORMED OF A POLYMERIZED RESIN DERIVED FROM A MONOMERIC MATERIAL HAVING THE GENERAL MOLECULAR STRUCTURE CH2=C<, SAID RESIN CONTAINING A PLURALITY OF RECURRING PHENYL SUBSTITUENTS, THE OPPOSING SURFACES OF SAID MEMBRANE BEING CONDUCTIVELY CONNECTED THROUGH A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY CONTACTING PARTICLES OF THE ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL DISPOSED THEREBETWEEN, SAID TREATING BEING SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (A) SULFONATING (B) HALOALKYLATING AND AMINATING THE HALOALKYLATED PRODUCT, SAID (C) NITRATING AND REDUCING THE NITRATED PRODUCT, SAID TREATING BEING EFFECTIVE TO PENETRATE THE PORES THE IONEXCHANGE MATERIAL AND EFFECTIVE CHEMICALLY TO CONVERT THE RECURRING SUBSTITUENTS OF THE PORTIONS OF THE POLYMERIZED RESIN THAT FROM THE EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE BOUNDING RESIN AND THAT FORM THE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE BONDING MATRIX AND THE ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL AND THAT ARE CONTACTED DURING SAID TREATING, TO LIKE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF (A) SULFONIC, (B) QUATERNARY AMMONIUM, AND (C) SUBSTITUED AMMONIUM GROUPS, SAID FUNCTIONAL GROUPS HAVING ASSOCIATED THEREWITH DISSOCIABLE IONS IONS, HAVING THE SAME IONIC SIGN AS THE DISSOCIABLE IONS OF SAID ION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL, AND TERMINATING SAID TREATING BEFORE THE MEMBRANE HAS BEEN SUBSTANTIALLY WEAKENED THEREBY.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
176 words
A HETEROGENEOUS ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE COMPRISING A FINELY DIVIDED, WATER-INSOLUBLE POROUS CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT A BOUNDING MATRIX FORMED OF A POLYMERIZED RESIN DERIVED FROM A MONOMERIC MATERIAL HAVING THE FORMULA CH2=C<, THE INTERNAL, NON-INTERFACIAL PORTIONS OF SAID RESIN BEING CHARACTERIZED SUBSTANTIALLY ENTIRELY BY RECURRING, UNSUBSTITUED PHENYL SUBSTITUENTS, BUT A SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF THE RECURRING SUBSTITUENT GROUPS AT THE EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE MEMBRANE AND AT THE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL AND THE BONDING RESIN BEING SULFONIC GROUPS, SAID RECURRING SUBSTITUENT GROUPS OF THE EXTERNAL SURFICIAL AND INTERFACIAL PORTIONS OF THE POLYMERIZED RESIN ALSO HAVING ASSOCIATED THEREWITH DISSOCIABLE IONS HAVING THE SAME IONIC SIGN AS THE DISSOCIABLE IONS OF SAID CATION-EXCHANGE MATERILA, SAID MEMBRANE HAVING SUBSTANTIAL THICKNESS AND PHYSICAL STRENGTH, AND THE OPPOSING EXTERNAL SURFACES OF SAID MEMBRANE BEING CONDUCTIVELY CONNECTED THROUGH A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY CONTACTING PARTICLES OF SAID CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL DISPOSED THEREBETWEEN, SAID MEMBRANE BEING FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY ELECTROLYTICALLY CONDUCTIVE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL AND THE BONDING RESIN AND ALSO BY VISIBLY PERCEPTIBLE ROUGHNESS OF THE EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE MEMBRANE.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
176 words
A HETEROGENEOUS ION-EXCHANGE MEMBRANE COMPRISING A FINELY DIVIDED, WATER-INSOLUBLE POROUS CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL SUBSTANTIALLY UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT A BOUNDING MATRIX FORMED OF A POLYMERIZED RESIN DERIVED FROM A MONOMERIC MATERIAL HAVING THE FORMULA CH2=C<, THE INTERNAL, NON-INTERFACIAL PORTIONS OF SAID RESIN BEING CHARACTERIZED SUBSTANTIALLY ENTIRELY BY RECURRING, UNSUBSTITUED PHENYL SUBSTITUENTS, BUT A SUBSTANTIAL PROPORTION OF THE RECURRING SUBSTITUENT GROUPS AT THE EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE MEMBRANE AND AT THE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL AND THE BONDING RESIN BEING SULFONIC GROUPS, SAID RECURRING SUBSTITUENT GROUPS OF THE EXTERNAL SURFICIAL AND INTERFACIAL PORTIONS OF THE POLYMERIZED RESIN ALSO HAVING ASSOCIATED THEREWITH DISSOCIABLE IONS HAVING THE SAME IONIC SIGN AS THE DISSOCIABLE IONS OF SAID CATION-EXCHANGE MATERILA, SAID MEMBRANE HAVING SUBSTANTIAL THICKNESS AND PHYSICAL STRENGTH, AND THE OPPOSING EXTERNAL SURFACES OF SAID MEMBRANE BEING CONDUCTIVELY CONNECTED THROUGH A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY CONTACTING PARTICLES OF SAID CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL DISPOSED THEREBETWEEN, SAID MEMBRANE BEING FURTHER CHARACTERIZED BY ELECTROLYTICALLY CONDUCTIVE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE CATION-EXCHANGE MATERIAL AND THE BONDING RESIN AND ALSO BY VISIBLY PERCEPTIBLE ROUGHNESS OF THE EXTERNAL SURFACES OF THE MEMBRANE.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1961-01-20 | 1961-07-22 | 1962-01-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1965-01-20 | 1965-07-22 | 1966-01-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1969-01-20 | 1969-07-22 | 1970-01-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |