Conversion of hydrocarbons

Claim 1

IN A PROCESS WHEREIN HIGH BOILING RESIDUAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS WHICH CONTAIN CONSTITUENTS UNVAPORIZABLE AT ORDINARY PRESSURES WITHOUT CRACKING ARE CONVERTED INTO LOWER BOILING HYDROCARBONS IN CONTACT WITH A DENSE FLUIDIZED BED OF FINELY DIVIDED COKE MAINTAINED AT A COKING TEMPERATURE OF ABOUT 800 TO 1400* F. IN A COKING ZONE AND WHEREIN VAPORS OF SAID LOWER BOILING HYDROCARBONS ARE REMOVED OVERHEAD FROM SAID COKING ZONE WHILE COKE PRODUCT IS WITHDRAWN FORM THE DENSE BED, THE IMPROVEMENT IN SUPPLYING HEAT TO SAID COKIN ZONE WHICH COMPRISES DOWNWARDLY WITHDRAWING A MULTIPLICITY OF INDIVIDUAL CONFINED NARROW STREAMS OF SAID FINELY DIVIDED COKE IN DENSE PHASE FROM THE BOTTOM OF SAID BED, CIRCULATING EACH WITHDRAWN STREAM ALONG A U-SHAPED CONFINED PATH BACK INTO A BOTTOM PORTION OF SAID BED, INJECTING AN INERT GAS INTO THE BOTTOM PORTION OF THE UPFLOW LEG OF EACH SAID U-SHAPED PATHS TO CONTROL THE CIRCULATION RATE OF THE COKE, MAINTAINING SAID COKE IN SAID CONFINED U-SHAPED PATHS WITHIN A HEATING ZONE IN DIRECT HEAT EXCHANGE RELATION WITH ANOTHER DENSE BED OF FINELY DIVIDED SOLID HEAT CARRIER PARTICLES HAVING A DISPERSE PHASE OF HEAT CARRIER PARTICLES AND GAS THERABOVE, PASSING A FLUIDIZING GAS UPWARDLY THROUGH THE LAST-NAMED DENSE BED AT A SUPERFICIAL VELOCITY OF LESS THAN ABOUT 10 FT./SEC., SAID HEATING ZONE BEING ARRANGE BENEATH SAID COKING ZONE AND BEING MAINTAINED AT A TEMPERATURE ABOVE SAID COKING TEMPERATURE AND WITHING THE RANGE OF ABOUT 1000 TO 1500* F. AND AT SUBSTANTIALLY ATMOSPERIC PRESSURE, CONTINUOUSLY WITHDRAWING A PORTION OF SAID DISPERSE PHASE CONTAINING HEAT CARRIER PARTICLES FROM AN UPPER PORTION OF SAID HEATING ZONE, HEATING THE WITHDRAWN DISPERSE PHASE TO A TEMPERATURE NOT IN EXCESS OF 2000* F. BY MIXING IT IN A CONFINED ELONGATED BURNER ZONE WITH HOT GASES AT A SUPERFICIAL GAS VELOCITY OF ABOUT 10 TO 60 FT./SEC., SEPARATING HOT HEAT CARRIER SOLIDS FROM SAID DISPERSE PHASE. AND RETURNING SAID HOT SEPARATED SOLIDS TO SAID DENSE BED IN THE HEATING ZONE.

Claim 3

AN APPARATUS FOR THE CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBONS INCLUDING IN COMBINATION A COKING VESSEL ADAPTED TO CONTAIN A FLUIDIZED BED OF INERT SOLIDS, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING OIL TO BE CONVERTED INTO SAID COKING VESSEL, MEANS FOR REMOVING VAPORIZED REACTION PRODUCTS AND COKED PARTICLES FROM SAID VESSEL, U-SHAPED TUBES HANGING FROM THE LOWER END OF SAID VESSEL WITH THE UPPER ENDS OF THE U-SHAPED TUBES IN COMMUNICATION WITH THE LOWER PORTION OF SAID VESSEL WHEREBY SOLID PARTICLES FROM SAID VESSEL MAY BE CIRCULATED DOWN THROUGH ONE LEG AND UP THROUGN ANOTHER LEG OF EACH U-SHAPED TUBE, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING A GAS INTO THE UPFLOW LEG OF EACH U-TUBE TO ASSIST IN THE CIRCULATION OF SOLIDS, A HEATING CHAMBER SURROUNDING SAID U-SHAPED TUBES INCLUDING THE LOWERMOST PORTIONS THEREOF, SAID HEATING CHAMBER BEING ADAPTED TO CONTAIN A DENSE FLUIDIZED BED OF INERT SOLID PARTICLES SUPERIMPOSED BY A DILUTE SUSPENSION OF SOLIDS, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING FUEL AND AIR INTO A LOWER PORTION OF SAID HEATING CHAMBER FOR BURNING THEREIN AND FOR SUPPLYING FLUIDIZING GAS FOR SAID BED, AN OUTLET LINE AT THE UPPER PORTION OF SAID HEATING CHAMBER FOR REMOVING COMBUSTION GASES AND ENTRAINED SOLIDS THEREFROM, SEPARATING MEANS ASSOCIATED WITH SAID OUTLET LINE FOR SEPARATING ENTRAINED SOLIDS FROM GASES AND PIPE MEANS FOR RETURNING SEPARATED SOLIDS FROM SAID SEPARATING MEANS TO A LOWER PORTION OF SAID HEATING CHAMNER, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING A CONTROLLED AMOUNT OF GAS INTO THE UPPER PORTION OF SIAD HEATING CHAMBER FOR REGULATING THE ENTRAINMENT FROM THE FLUIDIZED BED AND THEREBY REGULATING THE CIRCUALTION OF SOLIDS THROUGH SAID OUTLET LINE, AND PIPE MEANS FOR INTRODUCING FUEL INTO SAID OUTLET LINE FOR SUPPLYING ADDITIONAL HEAT TO THE CIRCULTING SOLIDS.

Claim 4

AN APPARATUS FOR THE CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBONS INCLUDING IN COMBINATION A COKING VESSEL ADAPTED TO CONTAIN A FLUIDIZED BED OF INERT SOLIDS, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING OIL TO BE CONVERTED INTO SAID COKING VESSEL, MEANS FOR REMOVING VAPORIZED REACTION PRODUCTS AND COKED PARTICLES FROM SAID VESSEL, U-SHAPED TUBES HANGING FROM THE LOWER END OF SAID VESSEL WITH THE UPPER ENDS OF THE U-SHAPED TUBES IN COMMUNICATION WITH THE LOWER PORTION OF SAID VESSEL WHEREBY SOLID PARTICLES FROM SAID VESSEL MAY BE CIRCULATED DOWN THROUGH ONE LEG AND UP THROUGN ANOTHER LEG OF EACH U-SHAPED TUBE, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING A GAS INTO THE UPFLOW LEG OF EACH U-TUBE TO ASSIST IN THE CIRCULATION OF SOLIDS, A HEATING CHAMBER SURROUNDING SAID U-SHAPED TUBES INCLUDING THE LOWERMOST PORTIONS THEREOF, SAID HEATING CHAMBER BEING ADAPTED TO CONTAIN A DENSE FLUIDIZED BED OF INERT SOLID PARTICLES SUPERIMPOSED BY A DILUTE SUSPENSION OF SOLIDS, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING FUEL AND AIR INTO A LOWER PORTION OF SAID HEATING CHAMBER FOR BURNING THEREIN AND FOR SUPPLYING FLUIDIZING GAS FOR SAID BED, AN OUTLET LINE AT THE UPPER PORTION OF SAID HEATING CHAMBER FOR REMOVING COMBUSTION GASES AND ENTRAINED SOLIDS THEREFROM, SEPARATING MEANS ASSOCIATED WITH SAID OUTLET LINE FOR SEPARATING ENTRAINED SOLIDS FROM GASES AND PIPE MEANS FOR RETURNING SEPARATED SOLIDS FROM SAID SEPARATING MEANS TO A LOWER PORTION OF SAID HEATING CHAMNER, MEANS FOR INTRODUCING A CONTROLLED AMOUNT OF GAS INTO THE UPPER PORTION OF SIAD HEATING CHAMBER FOR REGULATING THE ENTRAINMENT FROM THE FLUIDIZED BED AND THEREBY REGULATING THE CIRCUALTION OF SOLIDS THROUGH SAID OUTLET LINE, AND PIPE MEANS FOR INTRODUCING FUEL INTO SAID OUTLET LINE FOR SUPPLYING ADDITIONAL HEAT TO THE CIRCULTING SOLIDS.