Ophthalmoscopic attachment for surgical microscopes

Claim 1

This problem has been solved by an ophthalmoscopic attachment in accordance with the characterizing portion of Claim 1. The ophthalmoscopic attachment of the invention herein accommodated an optical system which produces the desired image erection of the.interimage produced by an ophthalmoscopic lens or an ophthalmoscopic lens system in a first inter-image plane. In addition, the optical system interchanges the optical viewing paths (pupil interchange). Image erection and pupil interchange in this case occur directly behind the first inter-image plane where the stereoscopic optical viewing paths do not yet run completely separately but are still intertwined with each other. The erected, unreversed image may then be viewed stereoscopically correct with the conventional surgical microscope without requiring additional adjustments of said surgical microscope. Furthermore, said attachment accommoLtes a focusing lens between the relevant optical system and the end of the attachment, adjacent to the main lens. Said focusing lens may be moved along the optical axis. This lens is used to focus on the critical section of the eve. In so doing, the focus is adjusted on the inventive attachment without requiring an adjustment on the actual surgical microscope. The viewing mode through the surgical microscope, i.e., the surgical microscopic with the ophthalmoscopic attachment, mav be changed rapidly by the operator without requ'iring timeconsuming focus adjustments on the surgical microscope each time the viewing mode is changed. With the use of an appropriate pivoting mechanism for the inventive attachment, the viewing mode may be changed rapidly. Therefore, the operating distance between the patient's eve and the viewer's 3 eve remains constant even when the inventive attachment is installed. Therefore, this attachment can be optionally used with any conventional surgical microscope. When additional viewers are involved, only a single such attachment is required. In this case additional viewers use additional. binocular tubes and the same main-lens. Image erection and pupil interchange are effected either by the optical system, which consists of two field lenses and a triplet, or by a straight-view inversion prism located in the inventive httachment.- Two examples of embodiments of the invention will be explained in detail hereinafter by means of the enclosed drawings Figs. 1 - 4. Figure 1 shows a surgical microscope with the inventive ophthalmoscopic attachme nt, whereby the optical system for image erection-and pupil interchange is configured as a lens system, Figure 2 shows said inventive ophthalmoscopic attachment of Figure 1 with the corresponding lens system, Figure 3 is a sectional view of the lens system of Figure 2 with the relevant identification of'the lens radii, lens thicknesses and lens distances, Figure 4 shows the inventive oplithalmoscopic attachment accommodating a straight-view inversion prism for image erection and pupil interchaige. Figure 1 shows a surgical microscope (13) which comprises, in front of the main lens (5a, b), the inventive ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) accommodating an optical system (14) for image erection and pupil interchange. The ophthalmoscope attachment 4 Z_ I- (1) has on the side facing the eye (2) an ophthalmoscopic lens (8) which produces in the first inter-image plane ZE1 a verticallv and laterally inverted image of the viewed fundus (3). By means of the adjoining optical system (14) (in this example of embodiment a lens arrangement) the image is erected and projected unreversed in a second inter-image plane ZE2. The image in said inter-image plane ZE2 is viewed through the actual surgical microscope (13). In so doing, this surgical mi croscope (13) is constructed in a manner known per se.'Hence, the magnificat-ion controls (6a, b), as well as the tube lenses (16a, b) and the inversion prisms (7a, b) for the two separate optical paths, are located behind one main lens (5a, b). Stereoscopic viewing takes place through the binocular tubes (4a, b). The use of one main lens (5a, b) for both optical viewing paths is not specific to the present invention. It is also possible to provide a separate lens for each of the two opticall viewing paths. Furthermore, Figure 1 shows. a lens (15) which is mounted k b etween the optical system (14) and the end of the attachment (1) adjacent to the main lens (5a, b) so that it may be moved along the optical axis. By means of this lens (15) it is possible to focus on the critical section of the eve (2) without requiring a change on the actual surgical microscope (13). By means of a pivoting device (which is not illustrated in Figure 1) it is possible to use the surgical microscope optionally in a conventional manner, as well as in eye surgery. Figure 2 shows the inventive ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) which accommodates the optical system for image erection and pupil interchange; in this example of embodiment said attachment is configured as an optical system with several lenses (9a, 10, 11, 12, 9b). The ophthalmoscopic lens (8) located on the side of the attachment (1) facing the patient's eye produces in the inter-image plane ZE1 a vertically and laterally reversedimage of the viewed part of the eye. Said image is erected on a scale of 1:1 by the subsequent five lenses (9a, 10, 11, 12, 9b) and projected unreversed in the inter-image plane ZE2. The actual image formation occurs by means of a triplet which comprises two lenses exhibiting positive refractive power (L3:10, L1:12) and one interposed lens exhibiting-negative refractive power (L2:11). Two additional lerfses (A1:19a: A2:9b) act as field lenses. A lens (15) is moved along the optical axis inside the attachment (1) wherebv the critical section of the eve is put into focus. The image produced in the inter-image plane ZE2 is viewed with the surgical microscope (13). In order to be able to fit the optical system into An appropriate attachment which is dimensionally not too long the individual elements of said optical system can be accommodated inside said attachment not in -a linear manner but such that the optical projection path is deflected. Considering a lens system which consists of a triplet (Ll:fl; L2:f2; L3. :3) and two field lenses (A1:9a; A2:9b) and which has been colorcorrected for the wavelength ranges 436 nm, 480 nm, 546 nm and 644 nni in the visible spectral region, the focal length ratios which can be realized with a focal length of the main lens of 200 mm are within the following ranges: f-.): fl = 0.9... 2.0 'i f2: fl = 0.4... 0.6- Within these ranges an acceptable length of the ophthalmoscopic attachment can be attained, thereby offering 6 a large operating area beneath the surgical microscope. In addition, the optical system assures a high-quality image. Examples of embodiment and their corresponding data sets are listed in Tables 1 through 3. Variation of the individual parameters of these data sets may-lead to comparably good imaging results. Figure 3 shows a sectional view of.the optical system of Figure 2 identifying the lens radii-.(rl), lens thicknesses (di), and lens distances (di), as used,in the data sets of Tables 1 through 3. Figure 4 shows a second example of embodiment of the inventive attachment (1) which accommodates an optical system for image erection and pupil interchange which, in this case, is configured as a straight-view inversion prism system (17). The inter-image of the fundus or areas near the fundus of the vitreous bodv of the eve is erected by a straightviewSchmidt-Pechan prism having a roof (17) directly behind the first inter-image plane Z El, and the optical viewing paths are interchanged. It is also possible to use a mirror system fulfilling essentially the same function. The position of the inversion prism (17) at the point where the stereoscopic optical paths are intertwined permits a very compact construction of the invention prism (17) or the inventive attachment (1) because the total optical path exhibits its smallest expansion at this point. Furthermore, the inventive attachment (1) accommodates a focusing lens (15) between the inversion prism (17) and the end of the attachment adjacent to the main lens (9a, b). Said focusing lens (15) can be moved along the optical axis and is used to focus on the critical section of the eye. 1 7 Claims: 1. Ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) for a surgical microscope (13) consisting of a main lens (5a, b) and one or several stereoscopic viewing tubes (4a, b), characterized in that said attachment (1) accommodates one or several ophthalmoscopic lenses (8) for producing an image of the fundus or of areas of the vitreous body of the eye, an optical system (14; 9a, 10, 11, 12, 9b; 17) is located behind said ophthalmoscopic lens (8) or said ophthalmoscopic lenses for erecting the image and interchanging the optical viewing paths, a lens (15), which can be moved along the optical axis and is used to focus on the critical part of the eve, is positioned between said optical system (14; 9a, 10, 11, 12, 9b; 17) and the end of said ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) adjacent to the main lens (5a, b). 2. ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in -that the optical system is configured as an optical system which consists of two field lenses (9a, b) and, positioned between the latter, a triplet of two lenses displaying positive refractive power (10, 12) and one lens (11) displaying negative refractive power interposed between the latter two. Ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) in accordance with Cfaims 1 and 2, characterized in that said optical system (9a, 10, 11, 12, 9b) produces an image of the inter-image produced by the ophthalmoscopic lens (8) at an object-toimage ratio of 1:1. 8 r 1 4. Ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) for a surgical microscope with a main lens having a focal length of 200 mm. in accordance with Claims 1 through 3, characterized in that, with the use of a color-error-corrected lens svstem consisting of a triplet (10, 11, 12) and two field lenses (9a, 9b), the focal length ratios (f3: fl) and (-f2: fl) of the triplet lenses (Ll, 12, fl; L2 f2; L3: 10, f3) are within the following ranges: f 3 f 1 0. 9 2. J -f2 fl 0.4 0.61 5. Ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) in accordance with Claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the lenses (9a, 10, 11, 12, 9b) of the optical system used produce the data for lens radii (ri), lens thicknesses (di), lens distances (di), the indices of refraction (n) (546 nm), and the Abbe Numbers (-e) for different types of glass or values which result-in a comparable high-quality image by varying the individual parameters based on said data set as listed in Table 1. 9 Table 1 (f3: fl = 2.0, -f2: fl = 0.545) Lens Radius Thickness Distanc-e Refractive Abbe ri 1 mm di 1 mm di 1 mm Index n (546) Number " -Y e 1 ri = 42.9911 A2 r2 =. 18.9821 r 3 = -59.2871 r 4 = 6.4576 1 1 di =3. 000 d2 =1.000 cl 3 =30.750 1.68637 44.2 1.81265 25.2 Ll d4 =2.500 - - 1.80730 46.1 r.S =-140.0550 r6 = -8.7323 . cl 5 = 1.948 L2 d6 =0.600 1.81265 25.2 r7 = 5.7935 r8 = 925.3580 d7 = 6.175 L3 as =2.500 1.80730 46.1 rg = -12.3903 rjo= 86.8200 Al r.11= 17.1400 r12= -31.4353 dio= 1.000 dll=3.000 i W dg =27.530 1.81265 25.2 1.68637 44.2 1 t 6. Ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) in accordance with Claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the lenses (9a, 10, 11, 12, 9b) of the optical system used produce the data for lens radii (ri), lens thicknesses (di), lens distance (di), the indices of refraction (n) (546 nm), and the Abbe Numbers (-Ve) for different types of glass or values which result in a comparable high-quality image by varying the individual parameters based on said data set as listed in Table 2. 1 1 t 1 1 Table 2 (f3: fl = 1.66, -f2: = 0, 56) Lens Radius Thickness Distance Refractive Abbe ri / mm di / mm di / mM Index n (546) Number-N.,),' 1 r, = 42.9911 A2 r2 = -18.9821 r.3 = -59.2871 r A= 7.9988 j p di =1.696 1.68637 44.2 d2 =0.848 1.81265 25.2 d3 =32.070 - Ll d4 =2.500 - 1.80730 46.1 r5-106.2270 r6 = -9.5154 d.5 = 2.620 L2 d6 =0.600 1.81265 25.2 r7 = 7.7269 r8 =-148.7780 d7 = 4.940 L3 ds =2.500 1.80730- 46.1 rg = -11.5635 rio= 86.8223 Al rlj.= 17.1339 r12= 1-28.2267 S m d9 =28.490 djo=0.848 1.81265 25.2 dii= 1.696 1.68637 44.2_ 12 I 11 ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) in accordance with Claims 1 through 4, characterized in that the lenses (9a, 10, 11, 12, 9b) of the optical system used produce the data for lens radii (ri), lens thicknesses (di), lens distances (di), the indices of,refraction (n) (546 nm), and the Abbe Numbers (-%Y for different types of glass or values which result in a comparable high-quality image by varying the individual parameters based on said data set as listed in Table 3. 1 13 Table 3 (f3: fl = 0.88, -f2: fl = 0.40) Lens Radius Thickness Distance Refractive Abbe ri / mm di / mm di / mm r, = 30.5000 A2 r2 = -18.9820 r.3 = -59.2870 r4 = 5.9576 d, =3.000 d2 =1.000 Index n (546) Number.? e 1 0 1.68637 44.2 1.81265 25.2 d3=31.687 Ll d4 =2.50P. 1.61521 58.4 r5 = 50.5546 r6-= -6.0844 dS= j.277 L2 d6 =1.000 1.65222 33.6 r7 = 5.4845 rS = 17.7756 d7= 2.333 L3 d8 =2.500 1.61521 58.4 rg = -8.1069 r 1 0 = 86.8200 dg=23.117 dio=1.000 1.81265 25.2 Al rii= 17.1400 dii= 3.000 1.68637 44.2 r122'- -30.5299 A 14 1 1 It %P. 11 8. Ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the optical system is configured as a straight-view inversion prism system (17) or as a mirror system performing the same function, effecting image erection and an interchange of the optical viewing paths. 9. Ophthalmoscopic attachment (1).in accordance with Claims l'and 6, characterized in that the optical system is configured as a SchmidtPechan prism having a roof (17) or as a mirror system exhibiting the same beam path. 10. Ophthalmoscopic attachment (1) in accordance with Claim 1 and one or more of the following claims, characterized in that said attachment may be positioned in front of the main lens (5a, b) of a surgical microscope (13) by means of a pivoting device. Surgical microscope with an ophthalmoscopic attachment in accordance with Claim 1 and one or more of the following claims, characterized in that said microscope is used in eye surgery in order to produce an enlarged image of -the eyeground (fundus of the eve) or parts of the vitreous body.