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EP0380240A2 Expired / Lapsed EP ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Coded signature indexed databases

Assignee: International Business Machines Corp
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Filing: 1990-01-18
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Granted: —
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Expires: 2010-01-18
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Abstract

Abstract A data base management system encodes information (such as the field values of a database record, or the words of a text document) so that the original information may be efficiently searched by a computer. An information object is encoded into a small "signature" or codeword. A base or "leaf" signature is computed by a known technique such as hashing. The logical intersection (AND) of each possible combination of pairs of bits of the base signature is computed, and the result is stored as one bit of a longer combinatorial signature. The bitwise logical union (bit-OR) of the combinatorial signatures of a group of records produces a second-level combinatorial signature representing particular field values present among those records. Higher-level combinatorial signatures are computed similarly. These combinatorial signatures avoid a "saturation" problem which occurs when signatures are grouped together, and a "combinatorial error" problem which falsely indicates the existence of non-existent records, thereby significantly improving the ability to reject data not relevant to a given query. When the combinatorial signatures are stored in a hierarchical data structure, such as a B- tree index of a database management system, they provide means for more efficiently searching database records or document text by eliminating large amounts of non-matching data from further consideration.

Inventors

  • 👤 Walter Wei-Tuh Chang
  • 👤 Hans Goerg Schek

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction EP
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-11-09 12:22
CPC Classifications
G; G06; G06F; G06F16/00; G06F16/20; G06F16/22; G06F16/2228; G06F16/2237; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S707/00; Y10S707/99931; Y10S707/99933

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 9
Claim 1
Independent Claim 91 words
A method for encoding a signature, representing and providing at least partial accessibility, in a database processing system, to a record having two or more data items, the method comprising the steps of: (a) computing a base signature representing at least two of the record's data items; (b) initialising a combinatorial signature having more bits than the base signature; and (c) assigning values to bits of the combinatorial signature based on one or more logical operations on the bits of respective sets of two or more bits of the base signature.
Claim 2
Independent Claim 91 words
A method for encoding a signature, representing and providing at least partial accessibility, in a database processing system, to a record having two or more data items, the method comprising the steps of: (a) computing a base signature representing at least two of the record's data items; (b) initialising a combinatorial signature having more bits than the base signature; and (c) assigning values to bits of the combinatorial signature based on one or more logical operations on the bits of respective sets of two or more bits of the base signature.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 29 words
A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base signature is computed by hashing the two or more data items of the record represented by the base signature.
Claim 4
Independent Claim 26 words
A method as claimed in either preceding claim, wherein step (c) assigns values based on the logical intersection (AND) of the bits of the respective sets.
Claim 5
Independent Claim 79 words
A method as claimed in any preceding claim, further including the steps of: (d) repeating steps (a) and (c) to compute a second combinatorial signature for a second record; (e) initialising a second-level combinatorial signature having at least the same number of bits as the first and second combinatorial signatures; and (f) assigning values to bits of the second level combinatorial signature based on one or more logical operations on corresponding bits of the first and second combinatorial signatures.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 41 words
A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein step (b) zeroes the combinatorial signature; and step (c) sets each bit of the combinatorial signature equal to one only if all of the bits of the respective set are equal to one.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 72 words
A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein step (b) zeroes both the first and second combinatorial signatures; step (c) sets each bit of the combinatorial signature equal to one only if all of the bits of the respective set are equal to one; and step (f) sets each bit of the second-level combinatorial signature equal to the logical union (OR) of the corresponding bits of the first and second combinatorial signatures.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 61 words
A database management system arranged, inter alia, to maintain an index including leaf pages having pointers to respective data pages of records, the index including a second-level combinatorial signature encoded as claimed in claim 4 or claim 6 representing the records of a data page, the signature being stored in the data page's respective lowest level non-leaf page of the index.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 36 words
A database management system as claimed in claim 7, wherein searching the index includes rejecting data pages whose respective second-level combinatorial signatures indicate that no records of such data pages match the criteria of the search.

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