EP0278647A2
Expired / Lapsed
EP
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electronchemical processes involving enzymes
Assignee: AT&T Inc
•
Filing: 1988-02-01
•
Granted: —
•
Expires: 2008-02-01
Abstract
Abstract The modification of enzymes through chemical attachment of an electronically active material such as a ferroceneamide or a ferroceneacetamide, or through chemical conversion of functional groups of an enzyme, such as conversion of enzyme tyrosine-amides to enzyme dihydroxyphenylalanine amides, allows previously unattainable direct interactions between the enzyme and an electrode. Thus, it is possible to drive chemical reactions involving the enzyme directly by interaction with an electrode, or conversely it is possible to monitor chemical reactions involving the enzyme directly at an electrode. This ability has consequences for chemical synthesis, for the assay of biochemicals, and for the local perturbation of the concentration of reducible or oxidizable biochemicals in biological systems by means of electrode processes involving the chemically-modified enzymes.
Inventors
- 👤 Yinon Degani
- 👤 Adam Heller
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
EP
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 03:57
CPC Classifications
C; C12; C12Q; C12Q1/00; C12Q1/001; C12Q1/002; C12Q1/003; C12Q1/004; C12Q1/005; C12Q1/006
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
74 words
An electrochemical process comprising the steps of interacting 1) a conductive aqueous-based medium containing a reactant with 2) an electrode, to induce a charge transfer and a reaction of said reactant wherein said transfer and said reaction involves an enzume characterized in that at least a portion of said charge transfer occurs directly between said electrode and said enzyme as a consequence of said reaction and wherein said reaction is accelerated by said enzyme.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
74 words
An electrochemical process comprising the steps of interacting 1) a conductive aqueous-based medium containing a reactant with 2) an electrode, to induce a charge transfer and a reaction of said reactant wherein said transfer and said reaction involves an enzume characterized in that at least a portion of said charge transfer occurs directly between said electrode and said enzyme as a consequence of said reaction and wherein said reaction is accelerated by said enzyme.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process of claim 1, characterized in that said charge transfer induces a desired chemical conversion.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
56 words
The process of claim 1, characterised in that said enzyme comprises a material formed by the chemical reaction between an enzyme that is incapable of said direct exchange and a material having a first functional group that chemically reacts with said enzyme and a second functional group that is capable of acting as a redox center.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 2, characterised in that said enzyme comprises an enzyme that is incapable of said direct transfer wherein said incapable enzyme has at least one of its functional groups modified into a redox functional group.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process of claim 1, characterised in that said transfer exchange is monitored to determine the concentration or presence of a reactant.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
54 words
The process of claim 5, characterised in that said enzyme comprises a material formed by the chemical reaction between an enzyme incapable of said direct transfer and a material having a first functional group that is capable of acting as a redox center and a second functional group that chemically reacts with said enzyme.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 6, characterised in that said incapable enzyme is glucose oxidase.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 7, characterised in that said material comprises a ferrocene derivative.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process of claim 5, characterised in that said enzyme comprises an enzyme that is incapable of said direct transfer wherein said incapable enzyme has at least one of its functional groups modified into a redox functional group.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 9, characterised in that said incapable enzyme is glucose oxidase.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process of claim 1, characterised in that said enzyme is attached to said electrode.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process of claim 1, characterised in that said interaction is done in the presence of a membrane.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
The process of claim 12, characterised in that said membrane comprises a biocompatible membrane.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
36 words
An apparatus suitable for electrochemical processes, said apparatus comprising an electrode and an enzyme characterized in that said enzyme is capable of direct charge transfer with said electrode as a consequence of a desired chemical reaction.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
36 words
An apparatus suitable for electrochemical processes, said apparatus comprising an electrode and an enzyme characterized in that said enzyme is capable of direct charge transfer with said electrode as a consequence of a desired chemical reaction.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
51 words
The apparatus of claim 14, characterised in that said enzyme is formed by reacting a) an enzyme incapable of direct charge transfer with said electrode with b) a material having a first functional group that chemical bonds with said enzyme and a second functional group that acts as a redox center.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 15, characterised in that said incapable enzyme comprises glucose oxidase.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
The apparatus of claim 16, characterised in that said material comprises a ferrocene derivative.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
35 words
The apparatus of claim 14, characterised in that said enzyme is formed by the modification into a redox center of a functional group of an enzyme incapable of undergoing direct charge transfer with said electrode.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
Maintenance schedule is calculated for granted US utility patents.