Fluorocarbon blood substitutes

Claim 2

An emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues within an animal body comprising an aqueous phase, a brominated perfluorocarbon having a minor amount of an emulsifying agent in combination with a biocompatible quantity of a compound selected from cholesterol, steroid hormone, tocopherol and combinations thereof.

Claim 3

An emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues in an animal body comprising an aqueous phase, a brominated perfluorocarbon having a minor amount of an emulsifying agent wherein in the non-frozen state after heat sterilization 95% of the emulsified perfluorocarbon exists in particle sizes of less than 400 nanometers with a mean diameter size of less than 150 nanometers.

Claim 4

An emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues in an animal body comprising an aqueous phase, a brominated perfluorocarbon having a minor amount of an emulsifying agent wherein in the non-frozen state after heat sterilization 95% of the emulsified perfluorocarbon exists in particle sizes of less than 400 nanometers with a mean diameter size of less than 150 nanometers.

Claim 5

An emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues in an animal body comprising an aqueous phase, a brominated perfluorocarbon having a minor amount of an emulsifying agent wherein in the non-frozen state 95% of the emulsified perfluorocarbon exists in particle sizes of less than 400 nanometers with a mean diameter size of less than 150 nanometers for more than one month.

Claim 6

An emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues in an animal body comprising an aqueous phase, a brominated perfluorocarbon having a minor amount of an emulsifying agent wherein in the non-frozen state 95% of the emulsified perfluorocarbon exists in particle sizes of less than 400 nanometers with a mean diameter size of less than 150 nanometers for more than one month.

Claim 7

The emulsion of Claim 3 further comprising in combination a biocompatible quantity of a compound selected from steroid hormone, cholesterol, tocopherol and combinations thereof.

Claim 8

An emulsion as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4 wherein the emulsifying agent is a phospolipid or an anionic surfactant.

Claim 9

An emulsion as claimed in Claim 5 whrein the anionic surfactant is a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer.

Claim 10

An emulsion as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6 wherein the emulsifying agent is a fluorinated surfactant.

Claim 11

An emulsion as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 3 to 7 wherein the selected compound is a combination of steroid hormone and cholesterol.

Claim 12

An emulsion as claimed in Claim 8 wherein said steroid hormone is a fluorinated steroid.

Claim 13

An emulsion as claimed in Claim 8 or 9, wherein the steroid is fluorinated in the 9-alpha or the 6-alpha position.

Claim 14

An emulsion as claimed in Claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein the steroid is selected from 9-alpha-fluoro-16-a-­methyl-prednisolone, 9-alpha-fluoro-16-beta-methyl­predinsolone, 9-alpha-fluoro-16-alpha-hydroxyprednisolone, 6-alpha-fluoro-16-alpha-methylprednisolone and combinations thereof.

Claim 15

An emulsion as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 11 further comprising an anti-oxidant.

Claim 16

An emulsion as claimed in Claim 12 wherein said anti-oxidant is selected from tocopherol and water soluble analogs thereof or is selected from ascorbic acid and calcium ascorbate.

Claim 17

A process for preparing a brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues having size stability characteristics in the non-frozen state for an extended period of time and resistent to attack by animal organisms in animal body fluids, comprising the steps of: a. dispersing purified phospholipid emulsifier in a buffered aqueous solution of glycerol containing a biocompatible amount of a compound selected from the class comprising steroid hormones, cholesterol, tocopherol and combinations thereof; b. mixing into said dispersed emulsifier and solution at a predetermined, measured rate from 20% to 125% weight per volume of brominated perfluorocarbon; and, c. putting the resulting mixture into a plurality of flows in separate paths and redirecting said plurality of flows into each other at at least 4,000 pounds per square inch of pressure.

Claim 18

A process for preparing a brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues having size stability characteristics in the non-frozen state for an extended period of time and resistent to attack by animal organisms in animal body fluids, comprising the steps of: a. dispersing purified phospholipid emulsifier in a buffered aqueous solution of glycerol containing a biocompatible amount of a compound selected from the class comprising steroid hormones, cholesterol, tocopherol and combinations thereof; b. mixing into said dispersed emulsifier and solution at a predetermined, measured rate from 20% to 125% weight per volume of brominated perfluorocarbon; and, c. putting the resulting mixture into a plurality of flows in separate paths and redirecting said plurality of flows into each other at at least 4,000 pounds per square inch of pressure.

Claim 19

A process for preparing a brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues having size stability characteristics in the non-frozen state for an extended period of time, comprising the steps of: a. dispersing purified emulsifier in a buffered aqueous solution of glycerol; b. mixing at a predetermined, measured rate of from 20% to 125% weight per volume of brominated perfluorocarbon into said dispersion of emulsifier and solution; and, c. passing the resulting mixture into a plurality of flows in separate paths and redirecting said plurality of flows into each other at at least 4,000 pounds per square inch of pressure.

Claim 20

A process for preparing a brominated perfluorocarbon emulsion capable of carrying oxygen to animal tissues having size stability characteristics in the non-frozen state for an extended period of time, comprising the steps of: a. dispersing purified emulsifier in a buffered aqueous solution of glycerol; b. mixing at a predetermined, measured rate of from 20% to 125% weight per volume of brominated perfluorocarbon into said dispersion of emulsifier and solution; and, c. passing the resulting mixture into a plurality of flows in separate paths and redirecting said plurality of flows into each other at at least 4,000 pounds per square inch of pressure.

Claim 21

The process of Claim 15 further comprising the step of passing the resulting mixture a plurality of times into a plurality of flows in separate paths and redirecting said plurality of flows into each other at at least 4,000 pounds per square inch of pressure.

Claim 22

The process of Claim 15 or 16 wherein said passing step, said mixture in said separate paths is flowing at velocities in excess of 1500 feet per second.