EP0228213A2
Expired / Lapsed
EP
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
System for transmitting and receiving asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data over a synchronous high speed serial transmission media
Assignee: Advanced Micro Devices Inc
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Filing: 1986-12-10
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Granted: —
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Expires: 2006-12-10
Abstract
Abstract A system is disclosed which includes methods and apparatus for transmitting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern inputs in a format suitable for use with a synchronous high speed serial link. The system further includes means for receiving the serially transmitted data which is capable of reversing the process performed by the transmitter, i.e. the receiver is capable of outputting the nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data as originally input to the system. The receiver is further operative to identify output data by type. The disclosed means for transmitting and means for receiving are each cascadable. As a result the disclosed system permits a wide variety of parallel data patterns to be manipulated, transmitted and received sharing s single serial interface.
Inventors
- 👤 Paul Scott
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
EP
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 05:13
CPC Classifications
H; H04; H04L; H04L5/00; H04L5/22; H04J; H04J3/00; H04J3/02; H04J3/04; H04J3/047; H04J3/06; H04J3/0635; H04J3/0685; H04L7/00; H04L7/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 78
Claim 1
Independent Claim
86 words
A system which utilizes a synchronous serial transmission media to transmit data between a data source that generates asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern inputs, and a data sink that accepts parallel data pattern outputs corresponding to said inputs, comprising: (a) transmitter means responsive to each of said parallel data pattern inputs, for synchronously transmitting a serial data pattern representative of a given input over said media; and (b) receiver means, responsive to data transmitted over said media, for generating said parallel data pattern outputs.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
86 words
A system which utilizes a synchronous serial transmission media to transmit data between a data source that generates asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern inputs, and a data sink that accepts parallel data pattern outputs corresponding to said inputs, comprising: (a) transmitter means responsive to each of said parallel data pattern inputs, for synchronously transmitting a serial data pattern representative of a given input over said media; and (b) receiver means, responsive to data transmitted over said media, for generating said parallel data pattern outputs.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
153 words
A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said transmitter means further includes at least one transmitter device, wherein each such device comprises: (a) first means, including first storage means, for clocking one of said asynchronous inputs into said first storage means; (b) second means, including second storage means, for synchronously transferring data from said first storage means into said second storage means, thereby freeing said first storage means to accept a new input; (c) third means, including data encoding means, responsive to data transferred into said storage means, for identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input to the system and for internally, automatically, multiplexing said data to said data encoding means wherein said identified data is encoded in accordance with a preselected coding convention; and (d) fourth means coupled to said third means, for synchronously accepting newly encoded data from said encoding means for insertion into an output serial bit stream.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
31 words
A system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said third means of each transmitter device is further operative to automatically multiplex said nonhomogeneous data inputs on a preselected priority basis.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
26 words
A system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said preselected coding convention permits the synchronous transfer of serial data over a fiber optic transmission media.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
48 words
A system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said third means of each transmitter device is operative in response to a first selected control signal, indicative of data width, to encode each of said inputs to a given transmitter as a function of the data width indicated.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
A system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said fourth means of each transmitter device includes serial input means for accepting serial data input from an external source.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
65 words
A system as set forth in claim 6 wherein said output serial bit stream of each transmitter device comprises said newly encoded data, serial data input to said serial input means from an external source whenever no newly encoded data is present, and a synchronization bit pattern generated by said serial input means whenever no newly encoded data and no valid serial data are present.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
53 words
A system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said fourth means of each transmitter device further includes means for interfacing with said media which, in a first mode, modifies said output serial bit stream for direct transmission over said media and, in a second mode, outputs the serial bit stream as encoded.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
32 words
A system as set forth in claim 8 wherein said means for interfacing when operating in said first mode outputs NRZI data and when operating in said second mode outputs NRZ data.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
A system as set forth in claim 7 wherein each of said transmitter devices may be selected to operate in a local mode in which the output serial bit stream from a given transmitter is directly transmitted over said media.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
60 words
A system as set forth in claim 10 which further includes a plurality of said transmitter devices which each may be selected to operate in a cascade mode in which the output serial bit stream from each transmitter chosen to operate in said cascade mode is input to the serial input means of another of said plurality of transmitter devices.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
54 words
A system as set forth in claim 11 wherein each of said transmitter devices is responsive to a mode control signal to operate in said local mode whenever said mode control signal is in a first state and to operate in said cascade mode whenever said mode control signal is in a second state.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
A system as set forth in claim 12 wherein each of said transmitters operating in local mode outputs NRZI encoded serial data.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
22 words
A system as set forth in claim 12 wherein each of said transmitters operating in cascade mode outputs NRZ encoded serial data.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
32 words
A system as set forth in claim 12 wherein each of said transmitter devices further includes clock generator means for outputting clock pulses whenever a given transmitter device operates in local mode.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
35 words
A system as set forth in claim 15 wherein each of said clock generator means is operative to accept clock pulse inputs from an external source whenever a given transmitter device operates in cascade mode.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
52 words
A system as set forth in claim 16 wherein said clock generator means comprises: (a) A master frequency source; (b) A phase locked loop connected to said master frequency source and; (c) A master counter connected to said phase locked loop, for providing internal synchronous control signals within a given transmitter device.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
17 words
A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said master frequency source is a crystal oscillator.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
32 words
A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said master frequency source for a first of said transmitter devices is the clock generator output of a second of said transmitter devices.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
21 words
A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said phase locked loop incorporates a phase detector which ignores missing pulses.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
18 words
A system as set forth in claim 17 wherein said phase locked loop incorporates a master/slave oscillator arrangement.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
29 words
A system as set forth in claim 2 wherein each of said transmitter devices includes first circuit means for providing a handshake protocol with the source of said inputs.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
A system as set forth in claim 2 wherein each of said transmitter devices is a single semiconductor integrated circuit device.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
92 words
A system as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein said receiver means further includes at least one receiver device, wherein each such device comprises: (a) fifth means, including a third storage means, for capturing synchronously transmitted encoded data patterns from said media; (b) sixth means, including data decoding means, for decoding the input represented by a given captured data pattern and generating the parallel data pattern output corresponding thereto; and (c) seventh means, including parallel output means, for enabling the output from the system of said parallel data pattern outputs.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
41 words
A system as set forth in claim 24 wherein said fifth means of each receiver device is authorized and enabled to capture a transmitted data pattern only in response to the presence of a catch authorization signal input to the device.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
28 words
A system as set forth in claim 25 wherein said fifth means of each receiver device is further operable to generate a signal indicating the capture of data.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
30 words
A system as set forth in claim 26 wherein said fifth means of each receiver device is further operable to generate clock pulses for the internal synchronization of each receiver.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
38 words
A system as set forth in claim 27 wherein said fifth means of each receiver device is further operable to output clock pulses suitable for synchronizing the operation of external devices with the operation of a given receiver.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
28 words
A system as set forth in claim 28 wherein the output clock pulses from a given device may optionally serve as said catch authorization signal for said device.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
26 words
A system as set forth in claim 24 wherein said sixth means of each receiver device is further operable to internally, automatically, demultiplex said decoded data.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
33 words
A system as set forth in claim 24 wherein said sixth means of each receiver device is further operable to identify the type of nonhomogeneous data input represented by a given data pattern.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
28 words
A system as set forth in claim 31 wherein said sixth means of each receiver device is further operable to identify said parallel data pattern outputs by type.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
46 words
A system as set forth in claim 24 wherein said sixth means of each receiver device is further operable in response to a second selected control signal indicative of data width, to decode each of said captured patterns as a function of the data width indicated.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
37 words
A system as set forth in claim 24 which said fifth means of each receiver device includes a phase locked data recovery loop for separating said transmitted encoded data patterns into separate clock and data pattern streams.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
23 words
A system as set forth in claim 34 in which said phase locked recovery loop includes a phase detector that ignores missing pulses.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
20 words
A system as set forth in claim 34 in which said phase locked recovery loop incorporates a master/slave oscillator arrangement.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
25 words
A system as set forth in claim 34 in which said phase locked recovery loop operates at the bit rate of said separate clock stream.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
29 words
A system as set forth in claim 34 wherein said fifth means further includes a clock generator for supplying a center frequency signal to said phase locked recovery loop.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
51 words
A system as set forth in claim 38 wherein said clock generator further comprises: (a) a master frequency source; (b) a phase locked loop connected to said master frequency source; and (c) a master counter connected to said phase locked loop, for outputting said center frequency signal to said recovery loop.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
17 words
A system as set forth in claim 39 wherein said master frequency source is a crystal oscillator.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
50 words
A system as set forth in claim 26 which includes a plurality of said receiver devices in which the signal indicating the capture of data by a first one of said plurality of devices is used as the catch authorization signal for a second one of said plurality of devices.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
39 words
A system as set forth in claim 41 wherein each of said receiver devices in a cascaded chain of said devices, synchronously enables the output of captured data upon the detection of a transmitted synchronization pattern from said media.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
65 words
A system as set forth in claim 42 in which the inverted output of the farthest downstream receiver device in a cascaded chain serves as the catch authorization signal for the farthest upstream receiver device in said chain and further in which each device in said chain enables the output of captured data in response to the capture of data by the farthest downstream receiver.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
29 words
A system as set forth in claim 24 wherein the width of said parallel data pattern outputs is variable as a function of the number of said receiver devices.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
21 words
A system as set forth in claim 24 wherein each of said receiver devices is a single semiconductor integrated circuit device.
Claim 47
Independent Claim
176 words
A method for converting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals to serial data pattern signals, each representative of a given input, suitable for transmission over a synchronous serial transmission media as part of a system which utilizes said media to transmit data between a data source that generates said input signals, and a data sink that accepts parallel data pattern output signals corresponding to said input signals, comprising the steps of: a) clocking one of said asynchronous input signals into a first means for accepting input signals; (b) transferring data synchronously from said first means for accepting input signals into a second means for accepting input signals, thereby freeing said first means to accept a new input; (c) identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input to said second means; (d) multiplexing said identified data to a data encoder; (e) encoding said identified data in accordance with a preselected coding convention; (f) generating a serial output bit stream which includes said newly encoded data; and (g) transmitting said bit stream synchronously over said media.
Claim 48
Independent Claim
176 words
A method for converting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals to serial data pattern signals, each representative of a given input, suitable for transmission over a synchronous serial transmission media as part of a system which utilizes said media to transmit data between a data source that generates said input signals, and a data sink that accepts parallel data pattern output signals corresponding to said input signals, comprising the steps of: a) clocking one of said asynchronous input signals into a first means for accepting input signals; (b) transferring data synchronously from said first means for accepting input signals into a second means for accepting input signals, thereby freeing said first means to accept a new input; (c) identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input to said second means; (d) multiplexing said identified data to a data encoder; (e) encoding said identified data in accordance with a preselected coding convention; (f) generating a serial output bit stream which includes said newly encoded data; and (g) transmitting said bit stream synchronously over said media.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
22 words
A system as set forth in claim 46 wherein said step of multiplexing identified data is performed on a preselected priority basis.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as set forth in claim 46 wherein said preselected coding convention permits the synchronous transfer of serial data over a fiber optic transmission media.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as set forth in claim 46 wherein said preselected coding convention permits the synchronous transfer of serial data over a fiber optic transmission media.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as set forth in claim 46 wherein said step of encoding is performed as a function of input data width.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
97 words
A method as set forth in claim 46, wherein said step of generating said bit stream further comprises the steps of: (a) determining if newly encoded data is present and if present generating a bit stream comprised of said newly encoded data; (b) determining, whenever no newly encoded data is present, if other valid serial data for transmission is present and if present generating a bit stream comprised of said valid data; and (c) generating a bit stream comprised of a preselected synchronization pattern whenever no newly encoded data and no other valid serial data are present.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
27 words
A system as set forth in claim 46 further comprising the step of outputting said serial bit stream as NRZI data prior to transmission over said media.
Claim 55
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for converting serial data pattern signals, representative of asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals, transmitted over a synchronous serial transmission media, to parallel data pattern output signals which correspond to said input signals as part of a system which utilizes said media to transmit data between a data source that generates said input signals and a data sink that accepts said parallel data pattern output signals corresponding to said input signals, comprising the steps of: (a) capturing said serial data pattern signals off of said transmission media; (b) decoding the input represented by a given captured data pattern; (c) generating the parallel data pattern output corresponding to a given input signal; (d) enabling the output from the system of said parallel data pattern outputs; and (e) outputting said parallel data pattern outputs as enabled.
Claim 56
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for converting serial data pattern signals, representative of asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals, transmitted over a synchronous serial transmission media, to parallel data pattern output signals which correspond to said input signals as part of a system which utilizes said media to transmit data between a data source that generates said input signals and a data sink that accepts said parallel data pattern output signals corresponding to said input signals, comprising the steps of: (a) capturing said serial data pattern signals off of said transmission media; (b) decoding the input represented by a given captured data pattern; (c) generating the parallel data pattern output corresponding to a given input signal; (d) enabling the output from the system of said parallel data pattern outputs; and (e) outputting said parallel data pattern outputs as enabled.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method as set forth in claim 52 wherein the step of capturing is performed in response to the presence of a catch authorization signal.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
23 words
A system as set forth in claim 53 further including the step of generating an output signal indicative of the capture of data.
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method as set forth in claim 52 wherein said step of generating the parallel data pattern further includes the step of identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input represented by a captured data pattern.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as set forth in claim 52 wherein said step of decoding is performed as a function of the data width of the captured data.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method as set forth in claim 52 further including the step of demultiplexing said decoded data.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method as set forth in claim 52 which said step of capturing further includes the step of separating said transmitted data patterns into separate clock and data pattern streams.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
22 words
A system as set forth in claim 58 in which said step of separating clock and data patterns ignores missing clock pulses.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
99 words
A method as set forth in claim 71 further comprising the steps of: (a) determining if a strobe signal is being sent by a data source; (b) determining, whenever said strobe signal is present, if said first means for accepting input signals is available to accept data; (c) generating an enable signal to permit said first means to accept a data pattern input signal whenever said first means has been determined to be available; and (d) generating a full flag signal, indicating said first means for accepting input signals unavailable to accept new data, after generating said enable signal.
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
66 words
A method as set forth in claim 60 further comprising the steps of: (a) generating clock pulses the frequency of which correspond to byte boundaries for said data pattern input signals; (b) monitoring said clock pulses to determine byte boundaries; (c) clearing said full flag signal, indicating said first means for accepting input signals is available to accept data, at the start of each byte boundary.
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
103 words
A method as set forth in claim 61 further comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring an operating mode input signal; (b) outputting and maintaining a signal acknowledging acceptance of data from said data source whenever said enable signal is generated, said strobe signal is present and a first operating mode is specified by said mode input signal; and (c) outputting and maintaining a signal acknowledging acceptance of data from said data source whenever said enable signal is generated, said strobe signal is present, a synchronization pattern is detected in said bit stream and a second operating mode is specified by said input signal.
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as set forth in claim 62 further comprising the step of dropping said acknowledgment signal in response to the absence of said strobe signal.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
107 words
A method as set forth in claim 52 , wherein the step of capturing said data pattern signals further comprises the steps of: (a) determining if said catch authorization signal is present; (b) monitoring said transmission media, whenever said catch authorization signal is present, to determine if a synchronization pattern is being received; (c) determining, in the absence of a synchronization pattern being received, if a data pattern has been captured but not enabled for output; and (d) capturing said data pattern and generating a signal indicative of said capture of data unless a data pattern is determined as having been captured but not enabled for output.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
116 words
A system as set forth in claim 64 wherein the step of enabling said output further comprises the steps of: (a) generating clock pulses the frequency of which correspond to byte boundaries for said data pattern input signals; (b) monitoring said pulses to detect byte boundaries; (c) determining whenever a byte boundary is detected and a synchronization pattern is being received, if a data pattern has been captured but not enabled for output, and if a data pattern has been captured and not enabled for output; (d) inhibiting said signal indicative of said data capture; (e) enabling the output of said captured data; and (f) generating a signal indicating no captured data is awaiting output enablement.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
36 words
A system as set forth in claim 65 , wherein said step of enabling is inhibited if at a detected byte boundary a synchronization pattern is being received and no captured data pattern is awaiting enablement.
Claim 71
Independent Claim
225 words
A method for converting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals to serial data pattern signals, each representative of a given input, suitable for transmission over a synchronous serial transmission media, and for converting each input representative pattern signal transmitted over said media to a parallel data pattern output signal which corresponds to the input signal, comprising the steps of: (a) clocking one of said asynchronous input signals into a first means for accepting input signals; (b) transferring data synchronously from said first means for accepting input signals into a second means for accepting input signals, thereby freeing said first means to accept a new input; (c) identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input to said second means; (d) multiplexing said identified data to a data encoder; (e) encoding said identified data in accordance with a preselected coding convention; (f) generating a serial output bit stream which includes said newly encoded data; (g) transmitting said bit stream synchronously over said media; (h) capturing said encoded data patterns from the bit stream synchronously transmitted over said media; (i) decoding the input represented by a given captured data pattern; (j) generating the parallel data pattern output corresponding to a given input signal; (k) enabling the output from the system of said parallel data pattern outputs; and (l) outputting said parallel data pattern outputs as enabled.
Claim 72
Independent Claim
225 words
A method for converting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals to serial data pattern signals, each representative of a given input, suitable for transmission over a synchronous serial transmission media, and for converting each input representative pattern signal transmitted over said media to a parallel data pattern output signal which corresponds to the input signal, comprising the steps of: (a) clocking one of said asynchronous input signals into a first means for accepting input signals; (b) transferring data synchronously from said first means for accepting input signals into a second means for accepting input signals, thereby freeing said first means to accept a new input; (c) identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input to said second means; (d) multiplexing said identified data to a data encoder; (e) encoding said identified data in accordance with a preselected coding convention; (f) generating a serial output bit stream which includes said newly encoded data; (g) transmitting said bit stream synchronously over said media; (h) capturing said encoded data patterns from the bit stream synchronously transmitted over said media; (i) decoding the input represented by a given captured data pattern; (j) generating the parallel data pattern output corresponding to a given input signal; (k) enabling the output from the system of said parallel data pattern outputs; and (l) outputting said parallel data pattern outputs as enabled.
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
164 words
68 Apparatus for converting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals to serial data pattern signals, representive of said input signals, suitable for transmission over a synchronous high speed serial transmission media, including at least one transmitter device wherein each such device comprises: (a) first means, including first storage means, for clocking one of said asynchronous inputs into said first storage means; (b) second means, including second storage means, for synchronously transferring data from said first storage means into said second storage means, thereby freeing said first storage means to accept a new input; (c) third means, including data encoding means, responsive to data transferred into said storage means, for identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input and for internally, automatically, multiplexing said data to said data encoding in accordance with a preselected coding convention; and (d) fourth means coupled to said third means, for synchronously accepting newly encoded data from said encoding means for insertion into an output serial bit stream.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
164 words
68 Apparatus for converting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals to serial data pattern signals, representive of said input signals, suitable for transmission over a synchronous high speed serial transmission media, including at least one transmitter device wherein each such device comprises: (a) first means, including first storage means, for clocking one of said asynchronous inputs into said first storage means; (b) second means, including second storage means, for synchronously transferring data from said first storage means into said second storage means, thereby freeing said first storage means to accept a new input; (c) third means, including data encoding means, responsive to data transferred into said storage means, for identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input and for internally, automatically, multiplexing said data to said data encoding in accordance with a preselected coding convention; and (d) fourth means coupled to said third means, for synchronously accepting newly encoded data from said encoding means for insertion into an output serial bit stream.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
145 words
69 A method for converting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals to serial data pattern signals, each representative of a given input, suitable for transmission over a synchronous serial transmission media, comprising the steps of: (a) clocking one of said asynchronous input signals into a first means for accepting input signals; (b) transferring data synchronously from said first means for accepting input signals into a second means for accepting input signals, thereby into a second means for accepting input signals, thereby freeing said first means to accept a new input; (c) identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input to said second means; (d) multiplexing said identified data to a data encoder; (e) encoding said identified data in accordance with a preselected coding convention; (f) generating a serial output bit stream which includes said newly encoded data; and (g) outputting said bit stream.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
145 words
69 A method for converting asynchronous nonhomogeneous variable width parallel data pattern input signals to serial data pattern signals, each representative of a given input, suitable for transmission over a synchronous serial transmission media, comprising the steps of: (a) clocking one of said asynchronous input signals into a first means for accepting input signals; (b) transferring data synchronously from said first means for accepting input signals into a second means for accepting input signals, thereby into a second means for accepting input signals, thereby freeing said first means to accept a new input; (c) identifying the type of nonhomogeneous data input to said second means; (d) multiplexing said identified data to a data encoder; (e) encoding said identified data in accordance with a preselected coding convention; (f) generating a serial output bit stream which includes said newly encoded data; and (g) outputting said bit stream.
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
22 words
70 A method as set forth in claim 69 further comprising the step of outputting said serial bit stream as NRZI data.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
22 words
71 A method as set forth in claim 69 further comprising the step of outputting said serial bit stream as NRZ data.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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