EP0114460A2
Expired / Lapsed
EP
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Dual-modulus band banded tire
Assignee: Grumman Corp
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Filing: 1983-10-12
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Granted: —
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Expires: 2003-10-12
Abstract
Abstract A banded radial run-flat tire (10) having a band with a dual-modulus of bending deflection behavior. Bands (36 1-6 and 36 8 ) producing various basic dual-modulus characteristics are disclosed. In one type, the band (36') has a greater resistance to bending forces tending to decrease its local radius of curvature than to those tending to flatten it. In a second type (36 6 ), bending stiffness increases with increasing stress irrespective of the bending direction. In a third type (36 8 ), a two-step modulus is demonstrated in which deflection is initially resisted at one rate and final deflection is resisted at a higher rate. Various embodiments of the band are disclosed in which the various types of dual-modulus behavior are obtained either by mechanical structural means or by internal geometry means.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward G. Markow
- 👤 M. Alan Kopsco
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
EP
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 09:45
CPC Classifications
B; B60; B60C; B60C9/00; B60C9/18; B60C17/00
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 31
Claim 1
Independent Claim
69 words
A resilient annular band which exhibits a dual-modulus bending behavior when undergoing dynamic loads in rotation said dual-modulus band comprising; a radially inner layer and a radially outer layer, said radially inner layer having been put into compression by said outer layer, such that said band has a low bending modulus at low stress levels tending to flatten it and a relatively higher bending modulus at high stress levels.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
69 words
A resilient annular band which exhibits a dual-modulus bending behavior when undergoing dynamic loads in rotation said dual-modulus band comprising; a radially inner layer and a radially outer layer, said radially inner layer having been put into compression by said outer layer, such that said band has a low bending modulus at low stress levels tending to flatten it and a relatively higher bending modulus at high stress levels.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
The band as defined in claim 1 wherein said band is fabricated out of a composite material.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
61 words
The band as defined in claim 2 wherein said band is a filament wound structure having a resin matrix and wherein the radially inner layer of the band is wound with a relatively low tension and the radially outer layer of the band is wound with a relatively increased tension such that said inner layer is compressed by said outer layer.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
128 words
A method of making a resilient annular band which exhibits a dual-modulus bending behavior under dynamic loads in rotation comprising the: steps of; providing a compressible elastomeric layer on the winding surface of a cylindrical filament winding mandrel, winding a continuous filament on said mandrel to build up said band, the resiliency of said elastomeric layer on said mandrel allowing the initially wound layers of filaments to be compressed in both a circumferential and radial direction by by the subsequently wound layers, applying a resin on said filaments such that they are embedded in a resin matrix, retaining the ends of the filaments of said band to maintain-the pre-compression of the inner by the outer layers of filaments, and curing said resin to lock in the imposed stresses.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
128 words
A method of making a resilient annular band which exhibits a dual-modulus bending behavior under dynamic loads in rotation comprising the: steps of; providing a compressible elastomeric layer on the winding surface of a cylindrical filament winding mandrel, winding a continuous filament on said mandrel to build up said band, the resiliency of said elastomeric layer on said mandrel allowing the initially wound layers of filaments to be compressed in both a circumferential and radial direction by by the subsequently wound layers, applying a resin on said filaments such that they are embedded in a resin matrix, retaining the ends of the filaments of said band to maintain-the pre-compression of the inner by the outer layers of filaments, and curing said resin to lock in the imposed stresses.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
113 words
A method of making a resilient annular band which exhibits a dual modulus bending behavior under dynamic loads in rotation comprising the steps of; winding a continuous filament on a cylindrical mandrel to build up said band, increasing the tension on said filament after the initial layers of said band have been laid down such that said initial layers are pre-compressed by the subsequently wound filaments, applying a resin on said filaments such that they are embedded in a resin matrix,. retaining the ends of the filaments of said band to maintain the pre-compression of the inner by the outer layers of filaments, and curing said resin to lock in the imposed stresses.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
113 words
A method of making a resilient annular band which exhibits a dual modulus bending behavior under dynamic loads in rotation comprising the steps of; winding a continuous filament on a cylindrical mandrel to build up said band, increasing the tension on said filament after the initial layers of said band have been laid down such that said initial layers are pre-compressed by the subsequently wound filaments, applying a resin on said filaments such that they are embedded in a resin matrix,. retaining the ends of the filaments of said band to maintain the pre-compression of the inner by the outer layers of filaments, and curing said resin to lock in the imposed stresses.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
. 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the tension on said filament is increased in a single relatively large step.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the tension on said filament is increased in a series of relatively small steps.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
57 words
In a banded radial run-flat tire having a resilient annular band in the crown region of said tire, said band being reinforced and stabilized by a multiplicity of radial elements in the tire sidewalls, the improvement comprising; means for varying the bending stiffness of said band with applied stress such that the bending modulus varies with deflection.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
57 words
In a banded radial run-flat tire having a resilient annular band in the crown region of said tire, said band being reinforced and stabilized by a multiplicity of radial elements in the tire sidewalls, the improvement comprising; means for varying the bending stiffness of said band with applied stress such that the bending modulus varies with deflection.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
16 words
The tire defined in claim 8 wherein the bending modulus of said band increases with deflection.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
The tire defined in claim 8 wherein the bending modulus of said band increases at one rate under initial applied stress and at a second increased rate under continued applied stress.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
The tire defined in claim 10 wherein the applied stress is in a direction tending to flatten the band.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
59 words
The tire defined in claim 8 wherein the band has a radially inward annular region and a radially outward region and wherein said radially inward region has means resisting compression loads such that resistance to deflection tending to decrease the local radius of curvature of said band is greater than the resistance to deflection tending to flatten said band.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
The tire defined in claim 12 wherein the radially inward annular region is characterized by discontinuities in the inside peripheral surface thereof.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
104 words
The tire defined in claim 13 wherein the radially inward annular region comprises a diametrical series of lands separated by transverse slots running axially across the band such that, when the band is deflected in a direction reducing its local radius of curvature, the slots close up bringing the sides of adjacent lands into contact with one another so that further deflection is resisted by the inward and outward band regions in unison and wherein band deflection in a direction tending to flatten it causes a separation of adjacent lands such that further deflection in that direction is resisted only by said outward region.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
59 words
The tire defined in claim 8 wherein the band has a radially inward annular region and a radially outward region and wherein said radially outward region has means resisting tension loads such that resistance to deflection tending to decrease the local radius of curvature of said band is greater than the resistance to deflection tending to flatten said band.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
97 words
The tire defined in claim 15 wherein the radially inward region of the band is an annular hoop-like element and the radially outward region is an arrangement of multiple annular rows of radially outwardly projecting stand-offs fixed on the outer diametrical surface of said annular element, annular fibers connecting the distal ends of said stand-offs in each of said rows, said annular fibers going into tension to resist band deflection, in a direction reducing its local radius of curvature and going slack such that they are inactive with respect to deflection in a direction flattening said band.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
42 words
The tire defined in claim 16 wherein the annular fibers are initially slack in the normal unstressed condition of the band such that a two-step bending modulus results when the band is deflected in a direction reducing its local radius of. curvature.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
131 words
The tire defined in claim 15 wherein the radially inward region of the band is an annular hoop-like element and the radially outward region is an arrangement of multiple annular rows of axially corrugated strips fastened at the crests of the strip corrugations on the outer diametrical surface of said annular element, radially inwardly projecting struts fastened in each groove of said corrugated strips, whereby a straightening of said corrugated strips brought about by deflection of the band in a direction reducing its local radius of curvature brings the distal ends of said struts into contact with the outer surface of said annular element such that a further deflection of said band in the same said direction is resisted by the combined response of said annular element and said strip arrangement.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
58 words
The tire defined in claim 18 wherein there is a gap between the distal ends of the radial struts and the outer diametrical surface of the annular band element in the normal unstressed condition of the band such that a two-step bending modulus results when said band is deflected in a direction reducing its local radius of curvature.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
67 words
The tire defined in claim 8 wherein the band is formed of sheet material in an annular anticlastic shape having an arcuate cross-section with its concave surface facing radially outward, the arcuate shape flattening under load at the footprint of said tire to lessen the resistance to bending in that area and deepening on both sides of the footprint to stiffen resistance to bending in those areas.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
47 words
The tire defined in claim 15 wherein the radially inward region of the band is an annular hoop-like element and the radially outward region is an arrangement of multiple annular rows of anticlastic annuli each annulus having an arcuate cross-section with its concave surface facing radially outward.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
94 words
The tire defined in claim 8 wherein the band comprises inner and outer hoop-like coaxial elements, radial fibers connecting the radially outside surface of said inner coaxial element with the radially inside surface of said outer coaxial element, an elastomeric filler material filling the annular space between said coaxial elements such that said radial fibers are embedded therein, whereby relative displacement between said coaxial elements due to deflection of said band places said radial fibers into diagonal tension to place said filler material into compression to thereby vary the bending stiffness of said band.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
84 words
The tire defined in claim 8 wherein the band comprises a radially inner layer and a radially outer layer, said radially inner layer having been put into compression by said outer layer such that said band has a low bending modulus at low stress levels tending to flatten it and a relatively higher bending modulus at high stress levels whereby a very supple band for low-deflection pressurized operation of said tire and a relatively stiff band for unpressurized operation of said tire is produced.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
16 words
The tire defined in claim 23 wherein the band is fabricated out of a composite material.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
60 words
The tire defined in claim 24 wherein the band is a filament wound structure having a resin matrix and wherein the radially inner layer of said band is wound with a relatively low tension and the radially outer layer of the band is wound with a relatively increased tension such that said inner layer is compressed by said outer layer.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
41 words
The tire defined in claim 8 wherein the band comprises a radially inner layer and a radially outer layer fabricated out of materials whose elastic properties differ, said inner layer having a relatively higher modulus in compression than said outer layer.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
46 words
The tire defined in claim 26 wherein the radially inner layer is fabricated out of glass:fibers in a relatively high modulus of compression resin matrix and the radially outer layer is fabricated out annularly oriented aramid fibers in a relatively low modulus of compression resin matrix.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
No citation records indexed.
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