EP0067456A2
Expired / Lapsed
EP
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Method of rolling plastically deformable material
Assignee: Dansk Eternit Fabrik AS
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Filing: 1982-06-16
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Granted: —
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Expires: 2002-06-16
Abstract
Abstract The present invention relates to shaped articles prepared from a plastically deformable composite material, the shaped articles comprising a matrix, the matrix comprising: A) a coherent structure comprising substantially densely packed inorganic solid particles of a size of 0.5-100 µm B) substantially densely packed inorganic solid particles having a size of from about 50 A to about 0.5 µm and being at least one order of magnitude smaller than the particles A, or a coherent structure formed from such homogeneously arranged particles, The particles B being homogeneously arranged in the voids between the particles A, the dense packing being substantially a packing corresponding to the one obtainable by gentle mechanical influence on a system of geometrically equally shaped large particles in which locking surface forces do not have any significant effect, D) additional bodies having an aspect ratio of about 3: - 100:1 and a diameter of the order of 0.5 - 10 gm, and optionally C) particles of a solid plasticizing agent, and/or E) reinforcing fibres having an aspect ratio of at least 100:1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a composite material per se, to a method for rolling a plastically deformable material, and to an apparatus for rolling a plastically deformable material
Inventors
- 👤 Hans Eric Windberg Jensen
- 👤 Johan Christian Gregersen
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
EP
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-01 16:31
CPC Classifications
B; B28; B28B; B28B5/00; B28B5/02; B28B5/026; B28B5/027; C; C04; C04B; C04B28/00; C04B28/02; C04B28/04
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 41
Claim 1
Independent Claim
161 words
A shaped article comprising a matrix, the matrix comprising A) a coherent structure comprising substantially densely packed inorganic solid particles of a size of 0.5-100 µm B) substantially densely packed inorganic solid particles having a size of from about 50 A to about 0.5 um and being at least one order of magnitude smaller than the particles A, or a coherent structure formed from such homogeneously arranged particles, The particles B being homogeneously arranged in the voids between the particles A, the dense packing being substantially a packing corresponding to the one obtainable by gentle mechanical influence on a system of geometrically equally shaped large particles in which locking surface forces do not have any significant effect, D) additional bodies having an aspect ratio of about 3:1 - 100:1 and a diameter of the order of 0.5 - 10 µm, and optionally C) particles of a solid plasticizing agent, and/or E) reinforcing fibres having an aspect ratio of at least 100:1.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
161 words
A shaped article comprising a matrix, the matrix comprising A) a coherent structure comprising substantially densely packed inorganic solid particles of a size of 0.5-100 µm B) substantially densely packed inorganic solid particles having a size of from about 50 A to about 0.5 um and being at least one order of magnitude smaller than the particles A, or a coherent structure formed from such homogeneously arranged particles, The particles B being homogeneously arranged in the voids between the particles A, the dense packing being substantially a packing corresponding to the one obtainable by gentle mechanical influence on a system of geometrically equally shaped large particles in which locking surface forces do not have any significant effect, D) additional bodies having an aspect ratio of about 3:1 - 100:1 and a diameter of the order of 0.5 - 10 µm, and optionally C) particles of a solid plasticizing agent, and/or E) reinforcing fibres having an aspect ratio of at least 100:1.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
178 words
A composite material for producing a shaped article, comprising A) inorganic solid particles of a size of 0.5-100 µm B) inorganic solid particles having a size of from about 50A to about 0.5 µm and being at least one order of magnitude smaller than the particles A, D) additional bodies having an aspect ratio of about 3:1-100:1 and a diameter of the order of 0.5-10µm, and optionally, C) particles of a solid plasticizing agent, and/or E) reinforcing fibres having an aspect ratio of at least 100:1, water, and a surface-active dispersing system, the amount of the particles A substantially corresponding to dense packing thereof in the composite material with homogeneously arranged particles B in the voids between the cement particles, the amount of water substantially corresponding to the amount necessary to fill the voids between the particles A, B and C, and the amount of dispersing system being sufficient to impart to the composite material a plastic consistency in a stress field of at the most 200 kg/cm 2 , preferably at the most 100 kg/cm 2 .
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
178 words
A composite material for producing a shaped article, comprising A) inorganic solid particles of a size of 0.5-100 µm B) inorganic solid particles having a size of from about 50A to about 0.5 µm and being at least one order of magnitude smaller than the particles A, D) additional bodies having an aspect ratio of about 3:1-100:1 and a diameter of the order of 0.5-10µm, and optionally, C) particles of a solid plasticizing agent, and/or E) reinforcing fibres having an aspect ratio of at least 100:1, water, and a surface-active dispersing system, the amount of the particles A substantially corresponding to dense packing thereof in the composite material with homogeneously arranged particles B in the voids between the cement particles, the amount of water substantially corresponding to the amount necessary to fill the voids between the particles A, B and C, and the amount of dispersing system being sufficient to impart to the composite material a plastic consistency in a stress field of at the most 200 kg/cm 2 , preferably at the most 100 kg/cm 2 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
43 words
A shaped article or a composite material according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the particles B are particles of ultrafine silica having a specific surface area of about 50,000 - 2,000,000 cm 2 /g, in particular about 250,000 cm 2 / g.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
A shaped article or a composite material according to claim 1 - 3 wherein the particles C are ball clay particles.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
31 words
A shaped article according or a composite material to any of the preceding claims wherein the bodies D are smooth. rod-like or acicular bodies such as fine mineral wool or wollastonite.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
A shaped article or a composite material according to any of the preceding claims wherein the bodies D have an aspect ratio of about 3:1 - 20:1.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
A shaped article or a composite material according to any of claims 1 - 6 wherein the particles A constitute about 40 - 70 per cent by weight of the matrix or the composite material and comprise hydraulic cement.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
A shaped article or a composite material according to claim 7 wherein the hydraulic cement constitutes about 25 - 70 per cent by weight of the matrix or the composite material.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
36 words
A shaped article or a composite material according to claim 8 wherein the particles A comprise fly ash in an amount of 15 - 40 per cent by weight of the matrix or the composite material.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
37 words
A shaped article or a composite material according to claim 9 wherein the particles A at the most comprise about 25 per cent by weight of fly ash and about 45 per cent by weight of cement.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
126 words
A shaped article according to any of claims 1 - 10 wherein the particles B constitute about 5 - 30 per cent by weight of the weight of the matrix or the composite material, preferably about 10 - 25 per cent by weight, the particles C constitute 2 - 10 per cent by weight of the matrix or the composite material, preferably 3 - 7 per cent by weight, more preferably 4 - 6 per cent by weight, the bodies D constitute about 5 - 30 per cent by weight of the matrix or the composite material, preferably about 10 - .25 per cent by weight, and the reinforcing fibers E constitute 0.5 - 10 per cent by weight of the matrix or the composite material.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
A shaped article according to any of the preceding claims which is a sheet, slate or shingle for application as a cover or coating on other structures.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
A composite material according to any of claims 2 -12 wherein the dispersing system comprises a concrete superplasticizer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
18 words
14 A composite material according to claim 13 wherein the concrete superplasticizer is a condensated sulphonated naphthalene salt.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
15 A composite material according to claim 14 wherein the dispersing system comprises a combination of a soluble salt of a polymeric sulphonate plasticizer and a melamine concrete superptasticizer.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
16 A composite material according to any of claims 2 -15 wherein the dispersing system comprises a dispersing agent of the thickener type (water dispersible polymer).
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composite material according to claim 16 wherein the thickener is a water soluble anionic polymer.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
16 words
A composite material according to claim 17 wherein the water soluble anionic polymer is hydroxyethyl cellulose.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
40 words
19 A composite material according to any of claims 2 - 18 wherein the water constitutes about 7 - 25 per cent by weight of the composite material, particularly 7 - 20 per cent by weight of the composite material.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
31 words
20 . A composite material according to any of claims 2 - 1 9 wherein the dispersing system constitutes about 1 - 4 per cent by weight of the composite material.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
41 words
21 . A composite material according to claim 20 wherein the dispersing system comprises 1 - 2 per cent by weight of concrete superplasticizer(s) and 0.01 - 0.08 per cent by weight of water soluble polymer, calculated on the composite material.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
111 words
A composite material according to any of claims 2 - 21 comprising a dispersing system which comprises i) a combination of a soluble salt of a polymeric sulphonate plasticizer and a melamine concrete superplasticizer, or ii) a dispersing agent of the thickener type (water dispersible polymer), or iii) a combination of a concrete superplasticizer and a dispersing agent of the thickener type, or iv) a combination of any of the systems i,), ii), and iii), the amount of dispersing system being sufficient to impart to the composite material a plastic consistency in a stress field of at the most 200 kg/cm 2 , preferably at the most 100 kg/cm 2 .
Claim 25
Independent Claim
23 words
A method for producing a shaped article, comprising subjecting a composite material according to any of claims 2 - 22 to plastic deformation.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
75 words
A method of rolling a plastically deformable material, in particular a composite material according to any of claims 2 - 22 said method comprising introducing the material into a wedge-like space defined between oppositely arranged surface parts, of which at least one is gas-permeable, preferably not liquid absorbing, and substantially impervious to said material, and moving said surface parts so as to entrain said material towards and through the throat or gorge of said space.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 24 wherein said one surface part is the periphera surface of a roller.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method according to to claim 25, wherein said surface parts are defined by opposite surface parts of a pair of spaced bands or belts.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
24 words
A method according to claim26 , wherein said bands or belts are passed around and backed up by moving rollers and/or stationary guide members.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
29 words
A method according to any of claims 24-27 , wherein said one surface part is constituted by a textile web or non-woven tissue made from man-made or natural fibers.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method according to claim 2$ wherein said textile web or non-woven tissue is made from nylon or aromatic polyamide.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method according to claim 29 wherein the fibrous material comprises one or several layers of loose fibers which are optionally arranged in a desired orientation, and/or one or several layers of web, net, or non-woven tissue.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
37 words
31 . A method according to any of claims 24-30 wherein the cross sectional geometry of the feed stream of the plastically deformable material is controlled before introduction of the plastically deformable material into the wedge-like space.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
77 words
A method according to claim 3 1 wherein the control of the cross sectional geometry of the feed stream of the plastically deformable material is performed by means of guide members arranged in front of the wedge-like space and limiting the width of the feed stream of the plastically deformable material introduced into the wedge-like space, or by means of guide members defining a desired cross sectional geometry of the feed stream of the plastically deformable mass.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method according to claim 32 wherein the control of the cross sectional geometry of the feed stream of the plastically deformable material is performed by subjecting the plastically deformable material to extrusion prior to the rolling.
Claim 36
Independent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim33 wherein the extruded plastically deformable material is rolled in a direction parallel to the extrusion direction.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
36 words
35 A method according any of claims 23 3 4 wherein the sheet resulting from the plastic deformation, in particular the rolling, is subjected to a controlled hydrostatic pressure for a period subsequent to the deformation.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
40 words
36 A method according to claim35 wherein the controlled pressure is between 2 and 10 MPa, preferably between 2 and 5 MPa, which is maintained for a period between 10 minutes to 24 hours, preferably for 2 - 10 hours.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
58 words
37 An apparatus for rolling a plastically deformable material, in particular a material as claimed in any of claims2 - 22 said apparatus comprising rolling members having oppositely arranged surface parts defining a wedge-like space therebetween, at least one of said surface parts being gas permeable, preferably not liquid absorbing, and substantially impervious to said plastically deformable material.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
25 words
38 . An apparatus according to claim 37, wherein said rolling members comprises a roller, the peripheral surface of which defines said one surface part.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
44 words
39 An apparatus according to claim 3 & wherein said rolling members comprise a pair of rollers, said oppositely arranged surface parts being defined between a pair of gas-permable webs, bands or belts which pass through the nip defined between said pair of rollers.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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