Antenna

Claim 2

An electromagnetic wave= antenna system comprising: electrical conducting means for establishing a closed standing electromagnetic wave path in response to the transmission of electromagnetic energy in said antenna, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said path inhibits the velocity of propogation of electromagnetic waves in said antenna and supports a standing electromagnetic wave at a predetermined resonant frequency.

Claim 3

The invention according to claim 1, FURTHER CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said conducting means has a substantially closed loop configuration and a velocity factor (V f ) less than one.

Claim 4

The invention according to claim 1, FURTHER CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said electrical conducting means comprises an electrical conductor having a substantially closed loop configuration and a non-circular shape in a single plane.

Claim 5

The invention according to claim 1, FURTHER CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said electrical conducting means comprises an electrical conductor wound more than once about an axis and having a substantially closed geometric shape.

Claim 6

The invention according to claim 1, FURTHER CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said electrical conducting means has the configuration of a multiply connected geometry.

Claim 7

The invention according to claim 1, FURTHER CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said electrical conducting means comprises an electrical conductor wound about a non-conducting support means.

Claim 8

The invention according to claim 1, FURTHER CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said electrical conducting means comprises a driven array including a driven portion and a parasitic portion, at least one of said portions having a toroidal loop configuration.

Claim 9

An antenna having a primary resonant frequency corresponding to a selected wavelength ("λ o ") CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said antenna comprises: a first conductor formed in a first helix, the centerline of said first helix being formed in a first loop, wherein the radius ("a") of said first loop, the radius ("b") of each turn of said first helix, and the number ("N") of turns of said first helix, are approximated by the formula and wherein a and b are each less than À o .

Claim 10

An antenna having a primary resonant frequency corresponding to a selected wavelength ("λ o ") CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said antenna comprises: a first conductor formed in a first helix, the centerline of said first helix being formed in a first loop, wherein the radius ("a") of said first loop, the radius ("b") of each turn of said first helix, and the number ("N") of turns of said first helix, are approximated by the formula and wherein a and b are each less than À o .

Claim 11

The invention of claim 8, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT said antenna further comprises: a second conductor formed into a second helix, the centerline axis of said second helix being formed into a second loop coincident with said first loop, wherein the radius of each turn of said second helix is the same as the radius of each turn of said first helix, wherein said first and second helixes have the same number of turns, and wherein the turns of said first helix are spaced from the turns of said second helix; and said second conductor having two ends located near each other and opposite said two ends of said first conductor, said two ends of said second conductor being feed points for second conductor.