CA1213718A
Expired / Lapsed
CA
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Hydronium (h.sub.30.sup. ) polycrystalline superionic conductors and method (ion exchange) of making same
Assignee: MINISTER OF ENERGY MINES AND RESOURCES (THE)
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Filing: 1984-06-01
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Granted: 1986-11-12
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Expires: 2004-06-01
Abstract
Abstract TITLE HYDRONIUM (H3O+) POLYCRYSTALLINE SUPERIONIC CONDUCTORS AND METHOD (ION EXCHANGE) OF MAKING SAME INVENTORS Patrick Stephen NICHOLSON and Kimihiro YAMASHITA ABSTRACT An hydronium polycrystalline superionic conductor, having the formula (H3O+,Na+)5(Re)Si4O12, where Re = Y or Gd, is produced from precursor material being Na5YSi4O12 or Na5GdSi4O12. In order to accomplish the aforesaid a range of intermediate ceramics may be produced replacing part of the precursor ceramic sodium by ions of elements in 1A group of the Periodic Table that have an atomic weight above 32 and preferably ions of potassium, cesium, or mixtures of potassium and cesium. To produce the superionic hydronium polycrystalline ceramic conductor and the intermediate ceramic from the feed ceramics aforesaid, the feed ceramic is placed in a chloride melt wherein part of the sodium in the feed ceramic lattice is replaced by an appropriate cation from the melt such as potas-sium and cesium. Subsequently, a field assisted ionic exchange takes place to now replace the interceded potassium and cesium ions with the hydronium (H3O+) ion, whereby the aforesaid hydronium, superionic, solid polycrystalline ceramic conductor is achieved.
Inventors
- 👤 Patrick S. Nicholson
- 👤 Kimihiro Yamashita
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
CA
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-30 01:34
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B35/00; C04B35/01; C04B35/16; C04B41/00; H; H01; H01B; H01B1/00; H01B1/06; H01B1/08; H01M; H01M6/00; H01M6/14; H01M6/18; H01M6/185; H01M8/00; H01M8/10; H01M8/1016; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/36; Y02E60/50; Y02P; Y02P70/00; Y02P70/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
38 words
An intermediary precursor being a solid polycrystalline ceramic of the general formula (X+,Na+)5 (Re)Si4O12 where Re = Y or Gd and X is an element in Group 1A of the Periodic Table with atomic rate greater than 23.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
38 words
An intermediary precursor being a solid polycrystalline ceramic of the general formula (X+,Na+)5 (Re)Si4O12 where Re = Y or Gd and X is an element in Group 1A of the Periodic Table with atomic rate greater than 23.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
11 words
The ceramic as claimed in claim 1, wherein X is Cs.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The ceramic as claimed in claim 1, wherein X is K.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
16 words
The ceramic as claimed in claim 1, wherein X is a mixture of K and Cs.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
The intermediate precursor polycrystalline ceramic as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein potassium or cesium; or potassium and cesium range between and correspondingly sodium ranges between
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
A polycrystalline hydronium ion conducting ceramic of the general formula (H3O+,Na+)5(Re)Si4O12 where Re = Y or Gd.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
A polycrystalline hydronium ion conducting ceramic of the general formula (H3O+,Na+)5(Re)Si4O12 where Re = Y or Gd.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
35 words
A proton conducting cell comprising; (a) the proton conductor as claimed in claim 6 immersed in a medium selected from steam and an aqueous solution; and, (b) electrodes attached to opposite sides of the ceramic.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The cell as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrodes communicate to a voltage source.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
The cell as claimed in claim 7 or 8, wherein the aqueous media includes steam or superheated steam.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
156 words
A process for producing an hydronium conducting solid polycrystalline ceramic comprising the steps of; (a) selecting as a feed ceramic one of a group of precursor polycrystalline ceramics comprising Na5YSi4O12 and Na5Gdsi4O12; (b) immersing the said feed ceramic of said step (a) into a chloride melt for a period of between 10 to 20 hours whereby to exchange, some of the sodium ions thereof by cations of the melt whereby to create an intermediate ceramic of the general formula (X+Na+)5(Re)Si4O12 where X+ is K+, Cs+, or K+/Cs+ (c) immersing the said intermediate ceramic of step (b) into an ion exchange acid; while, (d) subjecting the intermediate ceramic to a potential difference across its surfaces while so immersed; and, (e) maintaining the concentration of free hydrogen on one side of the ceramic for a period of at least 3 hours whereby to create a target ceramic of the general formula (H3O+,Na+)5(Re)Si4O12 where Re = Y or Gd
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
156 words
A process for producing an hydronium conducting solid polycrystalline ceramic comprising the steps of; (a) selecting as a feed ceramic one of a group of precursor polycrystalline ceramics comprising Na5YSi4O12 and Na5Gdsi4O12; (b) immersing the said feed ceramic of said step (a) into a chloride melt for a period of between 10 to 20 hours whereby to exchange, some of the sodium ions thereof by cations of the melt whereby to create an intermediate ceramic of the general formula (X+Na+)5(Re)Si4O12 where X+ is K+, Cs+, or K+/Cs+ (c) immersing the said intermediate ceramic of step (b) into an ion exchange acid; while, (d) subjecting the intermediate ceramic to a potential difference across its surfaces while so immersed; and, (e) maintaining the concentration of free hydrogen on one side of the ceramic for a period of at least 3 hours whereby to create a target ceramic of the general formula (H3O+,Na+)5(Re)Si4O12 where Re = Y or Gd
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process as claimed in claim 10, including immediately after step (b) and prior to step (c) the additional step of polishing the surface thereof whereby to remove scaling thereon.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the chloride melt of step (b) includes as a cation, sodium.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the chloride melt of step (b) includes as a cation, sodium, potassium or cesium as additional cations.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the melt of step (b) contains cations selected from the group of potassium, cesium, or mixes of potassium and cesium.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein step (c) incorporates as an acid sulphuric, acetic and nitric acid.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
18 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the acid of step (c) is sulphuric acid.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the acid selected in step (c) is nitric acid.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the acid selected in step (c) is acetic acid.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein step (e) includes bubbling free hydrogen gas into one side of the ceramic.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
75 words
The process as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein step (c) includes inserting the intermediate ceramic into the ion exchange acid so as to divide the acid into two compartments; and wherein step (d) includes immersing into each compartment of the acid an electrode, both electrodes connected to the potential difference whereby one is an anode and the other cathode and wherein step (e) includes the bubbling of free hydrogen gas over the cathode.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
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